Table 3.
Antibiotic resistance profile of bacterial isolates.
| Antibiotics | Disc potency (µg/disc) | Zone of inhibition (mm) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. aureus FA-1 | E. fergusonii FA-5 | A. pittii FA-6 | P. aeruginosa FA-7 | A. enteropelogenes FA-8 | P. mirabilis FA-9 | ||||
| Antimicrobial class | Antibiotic | ||||||||
| β-lactam antibiotics | Cephems | Cefa-sulbactum | 75/10 | 19S | 20S | 13R | 15R | 19S | 12R |
| Cefoperazone | 75 | 12R | 15R | 17I | 14R | 13R | 14R | ||
| Cefepime tazobactam | 30/10 | 19S | 18S | 14R | 18S | 14R | 11R | ||
| Cefotaxime | 30 | 13R | 17R | 13R | 13R | 17S | 13R | ||
| Ceftazidime | 30 | 12R | 16R | 11R | 15I | 13R | 11R | ||
| Cefepime | 30 | 12R | 17R | 16I | 13R | 27S | 18I | ||
| Carbapenem | Imipenem | 10 | 16I | 21S | 13R | 13R | 22S | 20S | |
| Monobactam | Aztreonam | 30 | 18I | 16R | 11R | 12R | 20S | 17I | |
| Penicillin-like antibiotics | Amoxicillin | 10 | 0R | 15I | 10R | 11R | 11R | 10R | |
| Penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic | Oxacillin | 5 | 14R | 17I | 12R | 0R | 0R | 11R | |
| Non β-lactam antibiotics | Sulfonamides | Co-trimoxazole | 25 | 0R | 15I | 16I | 12R | 0R | 10R |
| Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin | 5 | 0R | 13R | 12R | 10R | 10R | 15I | |
| Norfloxacin | 10 | 18S | 14R | 0R | 0R | 10R | 19S | ||
| Gatifloxacin | 5 | 0R | 12R | 10R | 0R | 17I | 10R | ||
| Ofloxacin | 5 | 0R | 0R | 0R | 11R | 12R | 10R | ||
| Aminoglycosides | Gentamicin | 10 | 13R | 15S | 19S | 17S | 20S | 18S | |
| Amikacin | 30 | 14R | 14R | 12R | 12R | 10R | 16I | ||
| Tobramycin | 10 | 14R | 14I | 15I | 12R | 0R | 17I | ||
| Macrolides | Erythromycin | 15 | 0R | 11R | 0R | 0R | 15I | 0R | |
| Ansamycin | Rifampicin | 5 | 23I | 18I | 10R | 0R | 16I | 0R | |
| Tetracycline | Tetracycline | 30 | 17I | 14I | 11R | 10R | 10R | 17I | |
| Quinolones | Nalidixic acid | 30 | 13R | 15I | 10R | 12R | 0R | 10R | |
| Phenicols | Chloramphenicol | 30 | 0R | 15I | 0R | 11R | 0R | 16I | |
| % Resistance | 69.5 | 47.8 | 78.2 | 86.9 | 60.8 | 56.5 | |||
S sensitive, I intermediate, R resistant based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Percent (%) resistance was calculated using following formula = total no. of antibiotics marked with R for each strain/total no. of test antibiotics × 100.