Table 2:
Characteristics of patients with hyperglycemia after starting ICI therapy versus those without hyperglycemia stratified by diabetes diagnosis
| A. Patients without Diabetes (N=299) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N=299 N(%) |
Hyperglycemia after starting ICIs N=48 (16.1%) N (%) |
No hyperglycemia after starting ICIs N=251 (83.9%) N (%) |
P-Value* | |
| Age (years) at treatment initiation (mean, SD) | 65.6 (21-93) | 63.9 (31-87) | 65.6 (21-93) | 0.87 |
| Gender (male) | 181 (60.5) | 33 (68.8) | 148 (59.0) | 0.26 |
| Race | <0.01 | |||
| White | 163 (54.5) | 16 (33.3) | 147 (58.6) | |
| Black | 28 (9.4) | 4 (8.3) | 24 (9.6) | |
| Hispanic | 29 (9.7) | 9 (18.8) | 20 (7.8) | |
| Asian | 22 (7.4) | 8 (16.7) | 14 (5.6) | |
| Other/Unknown | 57 (19.1) | 11 (22.9) | 46 (18.3) | |
| Supraphysiologic steroids with ICI | 203 (67.9) | 40 (83.3) | 163 (64.9) | 0.01 |
| Obesity (BMI≥30) | 52 (17.4) | 11 (22.9) | 41 (16.3) | 0.30 |
| Hyperglycemia prior to ICI | <0.01 | |||
| No | 214 (71.6) | 29 (60.4) | 185 (73.7) | |
| Yes | 51 (17.1) | 16 (33.3) | 35 (13.9) | |
| Unknown | 34 (11.4) | 3 (6.3) | 31 (12.4) | |
| Malignancy type | 0.05 | |||
| Melanoma | 68 (22.7) | 6 (12.5) | 62 (24.7) | |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | 68 (22.7) | 12 (25.0) | 56 (22.3) | |
| Urothelial cell carcinoma | 31 (10.4) | 4 (8.3) | 27 (10.8) | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 41 (13.7) | 13 (27.1) | 28 (11.2) | |
| Renal cell carcinoma | 14 (4.7) | 12 (4.8) | 2 (4.2) | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck | 21 (7.0) | 17 (6.8) | 4 (8.3) | |
| Multiple Myeloma | 15 (5.0) | 4 (8.3) | 11 (4.4) | |
| Other | 76 (25.4) | 3 (6.3) | 38 (15.1) | |
| Clinical stage | 0.88 | |||
| Clinically localized | 26 (8.7) | 3 (6.3) | 23 (9.2) | |
| Regionally advanced | 28 (9.4) | 5 (10.4) | 23 (9.2) | |
| Distant metastasis | 230 (76.9) | 37 (77.1) | 193 (76.9) | |
| Other | 15 (5.0) | 3 (6.3) | 12 (4.8) | |
| Immune checkpoint type | 0.36 | |||
| CTLA-4 | 37 (12.9) | 6 (13.3) | 31 (12.8) | |
| PD1/PDL1 | 220 (76.4) | 34 (75.6) | 186 (76.5) | |
| Combination CTLA4 and PD1/PDL1 | 11 (3.8) | 0 | 11 (4.5) | |
| Sequential therapy | 20 (6.9) | 5 (11.1) | 15 (6.2) | |
| B. Patients with Diabetes (N=86) | ||||
| Total N= 86 N(%) |
Hyperglycemia after starting ICIs N=57 (66.3%) N (%) |
No hyperglycemia after starting ICIs N=29 (33.7%) N (%) |
P-Value* | |
| Age(years) at treatment initiation (median, range) | 68.9 (42-96) | 68.9 (50-87) | 68.8 (42-96) | 0.62 |
| Gender (male) | 58 (67.4) | 41 (71.9) | 17 (58.6) | 0.23 |
| Race | 0.88 | |||
| White | 39 (45.4) | 26 (45.6) | 13 (44.8) | |
| Black | 13 (15.1) | 7 (12.3) | 6 (20.7) | |
| Hispanic | 12 (14.0) | 8 (14.0) | 4 (13.8) | |
| Asian | 8 (9.3) | 6 (10.5) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Other/Unknown | 14 (16.3) | 10 (17.5) | 4 (13.8) | |
| Supraphysiologic steroids with ICI | 56 (65.1) | 43 (75.4) | 13 (44.8) | <0.01 |
| Obesity (BMI≥30) | 30 (34.9) | 21 (36.8) | 9 (31.0) | 0.64 |
| Hyperglycemia prior to ICI | 0.12 | |||
| No | 16 (18.6) | 7 (12.3) | 9 (31.0) | |
| Yes | 61 (70.9) | 43 (75.4) | 18 (62.1) | |
| Unknown | 9 (10.5) | 7 (12.3) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Malignancy type | 0.82 | |||
| Melanoma | 15 (17.4) | 7 (24.1) | 8 (14.0) | |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | 21 (24.4) | 13 (22.8) | 8 (27.6) | |
| Urothelial cell carcinoma | 13 (15.1) | 10 (17.5) | 3 (10.3) | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 16 (18.6) | 12 (21.1) | 4 (13.8) | |
| Renal cell carcinoma | 4 (4.7) | 2 (6.9) | 2 (3.5) | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck | 3 (3.5) | 1 (3.5) | 2 (3.5) | |
| Multiple Myeloma | 5 (5.8) | 3 (5.3) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Other | 9 (10.5) | 11 (19.3) | 5 (17.2) | |
| Clinical stage | 0.72 | |||
| Clinically localized | 8 (9.3) | 6 (10.5) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Regionally advanced | 7 (8.1) | 6 (10.5) | 1 (3.5) | |
| Distant metastasis | 66 (76.7) | 42 (73.7) | 24 (82.8) | |
| Other | 5 (5.8) | 3 (5.3) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Immune checkpoint type | 0.09 | |||
| CTLA-4 | 11 (13.6) | 6 (11.5) | 5 (17.2) | |
| PD1/PDL1 | 60 (74.1) | 36 (69.2) | 24 (82.8) | |
| Combination CTLA4 and PD1/PDL1 | 5 (6.2) | 5 (9.6) | 0 | |
| Sequential therapy | 5 (6.2) | 5 (9.6) | 0 | |
BMI- body mass index; CTLA-4- cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; PD-1- programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1-programmed death-ligand 1; ICI- immune checkpoint inhibitor; SD- standard deviation
*
Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Kruskal Wallis test for continuous variables