Fig. 3. Vectorial ray-wave beams.
a Experimental verification of an SU(2) geometric mode exhibiting ray-wave duality, where the corresponding positions of the flat and concave cavity mirrors are shown. The images show the evolution of the output mode from one end of the cavity to the other as a sequence of camera images. When the rays overlap, the wave-like nature is evident, as seen by the fringes shown in the yellow box. b The polarisation structure of the rays can be adjusted by tuning the pumping, inducing a change in fringe visibility with the pump power as the polarisation state of each ray is modified. The insets show the measured interference fringes at z = zR for selected pump powers. The dashed boxes depict the corresponding ray representation together with the polarisation change. c The notation of all the elements in eight dimensions in an output vectorial ray-wave beam