Table 1.
Overview of telerehabilitation methods.
| gait | rigidity | dexterity | balance/ posture | flexibility | speech | non-motor symptoms | medication adherence | symptom tracking | Advantage | Disadvantage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality | |||||||||||
| NintendoWii®, XboxKinect®, customized VR tools | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | SE74,75 | EN | ||||||
| Exergaming | |||||||||||
| NintendoWii® | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | SE113–123 | EN | |||||
| Apps | |||||||||||
| 9zest Parkinson’s Therapy & Exercises[®107 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | SE98 | charges apply | ||
| ABF-gait app®, FOG-cue app[®93 | ✓ | SE93 | EN, ST | ||||||||
| APDA Symptom Tracker[®104 | ✓ | ✓ | SR | LE; mainly non-instructional | |||||||
| Beats Medical Parkinsons Treat[®106 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | wide variety of target symptoms | LE | |||||
| Charity Miles[®102 | ✓ | RF | LE; non-instructional | ||||||||
| Parkinson Exercises Mobile[®109 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | wide variety of target symptoms | LE, charges apply | |||||
| Parkinson mPower 2[®105 | ✓ | SE94,95, SR | mainly non-instructional | ||||||||
| Parkinson’s Moving Day[®103 | ✓ | RF | LE; non-instructional | ||||||||
| PD Warrior[®131 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | wide variety of target symptoms | LE | |||||
| uMotif[®92 | ✓ | ✓ | SE132 | ST | |||||||
| Voice analyst[®113 | ✓ | real-time analysis | LE, charges apply | ||||||||
| Yoga against Parkinson’s[®111 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | mind–body approach | LE | ||||||
The main target areas of the respective method are indicated by a checkmark.
EN equipment needed, LE lack of scientific evidence, RF research funding, generates funding for future research, SE scientific evidence of feasibility and/ or effectiveness; see text/ citations for details, SR symptom reports, improves doctor–patient-communication by generating reports of symptoms to monitor treatment response and optimize care, ST only in the context of the study.