Table 2.
Comparison of clinical data between higher core body temperature and lower core body temperature in women with fibromyalgia (cases) and healthy women (controls).
| Cases (n = 80) |
Controls (n = 80) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low core body temperature °C (n = 40) | High core body temperature °C (n = 40) | MD between groups | Low core body temperature °C (n = 45) | High core body temperature °C (n = 35) | MD between groups | ||
| VAS (mm) | 72.00 ± 21.27 (65.20, 78.80) | 74.50 ± 15.52 (69.54, 79.46) | −2.50 (−10.78, 5.79) | 15.33 ± 23.32 (8.33, 22.34) | 25.00 ± 28.74 (14.97, 35.03) | −9.667 (−21.33, 1.99) | |
| FIQ-R total score | 68.77 ± 17.00 (63.34, 74.22) | 73.13 ± 16.21 (67.95, 78.32) | −4.358 (−11.75, 3.04) | – | – | – | |
| CSS | 66.33 ± 11.1 (62.71, 69.94) | 69.13 ± 11.81 (65.35, 72.90) | −2.800 (−7.95, 2.35) | 27.89 ± 13.60 (23.80, 31.98) | 28.11 ± 17.75 (22.02, 34.21) | −0.225 (−7.20, 6.75) | |
| Sleep Questionnaire Index | |||||||
| Sleep quality | 2.15 ± 0.71 (1.92, 2.38) | 2.25 ± 0.87 (1.97, 2.53) | −0.096 (−0.45, 0.26) | 1.22 ± 0.97 (0.93, 1.51) | 1.29 ± 0.79 (1.01, 1.56) | −0.063 (−0.47, 0.34) | |
| Sleep latency | 2.34 ± 0.78 (2.09, 2.60) | 2.33 ± 0.92 (2.03, 2.62) | 0.017 (−0.37, 0.40) | 1.40 ± 1.16 (1.05, 1.75) | 1.20 ± 1.05 (0.84, 1.56) | 0.200 (−0.30, 0.70) | |
| Sleep duration | 2.00 ± 0.89 (1.70, 2.30) | 2.13 ± 0.98 (1.81, 2.45) | −0.128 (−0.56, 0.30) | 0.98 ± 1.12 (0.64, 1.31) | 0.71 ± 1.05 (0.36, 1.07) | 0.263 (−0.22, 0.75) | |
| Habitual sleep efficiency | 2.11 ± 1.09 (1.74, 2.48) | 1.86 ± 1.16 (1.48, 2.25) | 0.246 (−0.28, 0.77) | 0.93 ± 1.23 (0.56, 1.30) | 0.51 ± 1.07 (0.15, 0.88) | 0.419 (−0.10, 0.94) | |
| Sleep disturbances | 2.21 ± 0.47 (2.05, 2.37) | 2.33 ± 0.92 (2.16, 2.49) | −0.114 (−0.34, 0.11) | 1.38 ± 0.61 (1.19, 1.56) | 1.51 ± 0.56 (1.32, 1.71) | −0.137 (−0.40, 0.13) | |
| Sleeping medication | 2.05 ± 1.32 (1.62, 2.48) | 2.10 ± 1.30 (1.69, 2.51) | −0.049 (−0.63, 0.54) | 0.64 ± 1.17 (0.29, 1.00) | 0.80 ± 1.18 (0.39, 1.21) | −0.156 (−0.68, 0.37) | |
| Daytime dysfunction | 2.00 ± 0.89 (1.71, 2.29) | 2.40 ± 0.63 (2.20, 2.60) | −0.400* (−0.75, 0.06) | 0.80 ± 0.87 (0.54, 1.06) | 0.66 ± 0.84 (0.37, 0.95) | 0.143 (−0.24, 0.53) | |
| Global score | 15.06 ± 3.40 (13.90, 16.21) | 15.35 ± 4.22 (13.94, 16.76) | −0.296 (−2.01, 1.50) | 7.36 ± 4.76 (5.92, 8.79) | 6.69 ± 4.87 (5.01, 8.36) | 0.670 (−1.49, 2.83) | |
| Fatigue | |||||||
| MFI general fatigue | 18.08 ± 2.40 (17.31, 18.84) | 18.25 ± 2.34 (17.50, 19.00) | −0.175 (−1.2, 0.88) | 10.24 ± 5.06 (8.73, 11.76) | 9.91 ± 4.11 (8.50, 11.33) | 0.330 (−1.76, 2.42) | |
| MFI physical fatigue | 16.53 ± 2.78 (15.64, 17.41) | 16.85 ± 2.86 (15.94, 17.76) | −0.325 (−1.58, 0.93) | 9.73 ± 4.54 (8.37, 11.10) | 9.69 ± 4.76 (8.05, 11.32) | 0.048 (−2.03, 2.13) | |
| MFI mental fatigue | 14.75 ± 1.86 (14.15, 15.35) | 15.58 ± 1.48 (15.10, 16.05) | −0.825* (−1.58, 0.08) | 11.91 ± 3.20 (10.95, 12.87) | 11.97 ± 3.10 (10.91, 13.04) | −0.060 (−1.48, 1.35) | |
| MFI reduced activity | 14.60 ± 3.61 (13.45, 15.75) | 15.98 ± 3.74 (14.78, 17.17) | −1.375 (−3.01, 0.26) | 8.71 ± 4.32 (7.41, 10.01) | 7.43 ± 4.09 (6.02, 8.83) | 1.283 (−0.61, 3.18) | |
| MFI reduced motivation | 14.08 ± 3.56 (12.94, 15.21) | 14.55 ± 3.13 (13.55, 15.55) | −0.475 (−1.97, 1.02) | 8.16 ± 3.70 (7.05, 9.26) | 6.91 ± 3.25 (5.80, 8.03) | 1.241 (−0.33, 2.81) | |
| Anxiety | 30.43 ± 10.98 (26.91, 33.94) | 33.85 ± 8.38 (31.17, 36.53) | −3.425 (−7.77, 0.93) | 12.78 ± 11.63 (9.28, 16.27) | 10.88 ± 10.15 (7.34, 14.42) | 1.895 (−3.09, 6.88) | |
| Pain pressure thresholds | |||||||
| Occipital | D | 0.92 ± 0.71 (0.69, 1.15) | 0.99 ± 0.74 (0.76, 1.23) | −0.075 (−0.40, 0.25) | 3.13 ± 0.93 (2.84, 3.40) | 3.49 ± 1.80 (2.88, 4.12) | −0.371 (−0.99, 0.25) |
| ND | 0.87 ± 0.67 (0.66, 1.09) | 0.91 ± 0.70 (0.68, 1.13) | −0.036 (−0.35, 0.27) | 3.00 ± 1.04 (2.68, 3.32) | 3.21 ± 1.53 (2.68, 3.73) | −0.204 (−0.78, 0.37) | |
| Pain pressure thresholds | |||||||
| Cervical Low | D | 1.15 ± 0.70 (0.92, 1.37) | 1.06 ± 0.83 (0.80, 1.33) | 0.084 (−0.26, 0.43) | 2.91 ± 1.58 (2.43, 3.39) | 3.27 ± 2.09 (2.56, 3.99) | −0.367 (−1.19, 0.46) |
| ND | 1.10 ± 0.81 (0.84, 1.35) | 1.04 ± 0.73 (0.80, 1.27) | 0.061 (−0.28, 0.41) | 2.94 ± 1.76 (2.40, 3.47) | 3.33 ± 2.39 (2.51, 4.16) | −0.396 (−1.33, 0.54) | |
| Trapezium | D | 1.00 ± 0.70 (0.78, 1.23) | 1.06 ± 0.75 (0.82, 1.30) | −0.052 (−0.37, 0.27) | 2.93 ± 1.21 (2.57, 3.30) | 3.29 ± 1.63 (2.73, 3.86) | −0.358 (−0.99, 0.27) |
| ND | 1.00 ± 0.66 (0.79, 1.21) | 0.98 ± 0.60 (0.78, 1.17) | 0.026 (−0.25, 0.31) | 3.28 ± 1.69 (2.76, 3.79) | 3.38 ± 1.80 (2.76, 4.00) | −0.105 (−0.89, 0.68) | |
| Supraspinatus | D | 1.21 ± 0.72 (0.98, 1.43) | 1.33 ± 0.89 (1.05, 1.62) | −0.131 (−0.49, 0.23) | 3.36 ± 1.81 (2.80, 3.91) | 3.92 ± 2.06 (3.22, 4.63) | −0.567 (−1.43, 0.31) |
| ND | 1.29 ± 0.79 (1.04, 1.54) | 1.25 ± 0.68 (1.04, 1.47) | 0.034 (−0.29, 0.36) | 3.40 ± 2.00 (2.79, 4.00) | 3.79 ± 1.76 (3.18, 4.40) | −0.390 (−1.25, 0.47) | |
| Second rib | D | 0.86 ± 0.44 (0.72, 1.00) | 0.95 ± 0.53 (0.78, 1.12) | −0.090 (−0.31, 1.26) | 2.35 ± 1.09 (2.02, 2.67) | 2.48 ± 1.50 (1.97, 3.00) | −0.139 (−0.72, 0.44) |
| ND | 0.86 ± 0.44 (0.70, 1.01) | 0.89 ± 0.45 (0.75, 1.03) | −0.034 (−0.24, 0.17) | 2.46 ± 1.11 (2.12, 2.79) | 2.54 ± 1.24 (2.11, 2.96) | −0.078 (−0.61, 0.45) | |
| Epicondyle | D | 0.91 ± 0.53 (0.74, 1.08) | 1.03 ± 0.58 (0.85, 1.22) | −0.124 (−0.37, 0.12) | 3.17 ± 1.32 (2.77, 3.58) | 3.18 ± 1.65 (2.62, 3.75) | −0.007 (−0.67, 0.66) |
| ND | 0.99 ± 0.66 (0.78, 1.21) | 0.98 ± 0.49 (0.82, 1.13) | 0.022 (−0.24, 0.28) | 3.31 ± 1.55 (2.84, 3.78) | 3.38 ± 1.47 (2.88, 3.89) | −0.07 (−0.76, 0.61) | |
| Second metacarpal | D | 1.12 ± 0.65 (0.92, 1.34) | 1.33 ± 0.92 (1.03, 1.63) | −0.202 (−0.58, 0.15) | 2.97 ± 1.23 (2.60, 3.34) | 3.40 ± 1.72 (2.80, 3.98) | −0.426 (−1.08, 0.24) |
| ND | 1.05 ± 0.58 (0.87, 1.24) | 1.18 ± 0.72 (0.95, 1.41) | −0.129 (−0.42, 0.16) | 2.95 ± 1.43 (2.51, 3.38) | 3.56 ± 2.14 (2.83, 4.30) | −0.614 (−1.41, 0.19) | |
| Gluteal muscle | D | 1.89 ± 1.46 (1.42, 2.36) | 2.09 ± 1.68 (1.55, 2.64) | −0.205 (−0.91, 0.49) | 6.12 ± 2.55 (5.34, 6.89) | 6.30 ± 2.69 (5.38, 7.23) | −0.188 (−1.36, 0.99) |
| ND | 1.88 ± 1.27 (1.48, 2.30) | 1.89 ± 1.28 (1.48, 2.30) | −0.004 (−0.57, 0.56) | 6.08 ± 2.42 (5.34, 6.81) | 6.21 ± 2.61 (5.32, 7.10) | −0.136 (−1.26, 0.99) | |
| Greater trochanter | D | 2.12 ± 1.25 (1.72, 2.52) | 2.07 ± 1.14 (1.71, 2.44) | 0.043 (−0.48, 0.57) | 5.73 ± 2.43 (4.99, 6.47) | 6.15 ± 2.38 (5.33, 6.96) | −0.418 (−1.51, 0.68) |
| ND | 2.03 ± 1.13 (1.66, 2.38) | 2.16 ± 1.11 (1.80, 2.52) | −0.135 (−0.63, 0.37) | 5.31 ± 2.26 (4.63, 5.99) | 5.71 ± 2.56 (4.83, 6.58) | −0.392 (−1.48, 0.69) | |
| Knee | D | 1.73 ± 1.14 (1.36, 2.10) | 1.67 ± 1.33 (1.25, 2.10) | 0.058 (−0.49, 0.61) | 5.33 ± 2.03 (4.71, 5.95) | 5.51 ± 2.66 (4.60, 6.42) | −0.179 (−1.23, 0.87) |
| ND | 2.04 ± 1.38 (1.60, 2.49) | 1.68 ± 1.03 (1.35, 2.01) | 0.363 (−0.18, 0.91) | 5.76 ± 2.18 (5.10, 6.43) | 5.61 ± 2.87 (4.63, 6.60) | 0.150 (−0.98, 1.28) | |
| Anterior tibial | D | 1.81 ± 1.35 (1.38, 2.25) | 1.91 ± 1.45 (1.45, 2.38) | −0.099 (−0.72, 0.53) | 4.75 ± 2.16 (4.09, 5.40) | 5.51 ± 2.79 (4.55, 6.47) | −0.766 (−1.87, 0.34) |
| ND | 1.86 ± 1.18 (1.49, 2.24) | 1.77 ± 1.19 (1.39, 2.15) | 0.095 (−0.43, 0.62) | 4.87 ± 2.05 (4.25, 5.49) | 5.24 ± 2.73 (4.31, 6.18) | −0.372 (−1.44, 0.70) | |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (95% confidence interval).
*
Significant differences between cases and controls (two-way analysis of covariance).
CSS, central sensitization syndrome; D, dominant; FIQ-R, revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; FIQ-R.1, activity level of the FIQ; FIQ-R.2, overall impact of the FIQ-R; FIQ-R.3, intensity of symptoms of the FIQ-R; MD, difference in means; MFI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; ND, non-dominant; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.