Table 6.
Selection of GH signaling pathway inhibitors.
| Target/category | Molecules | Doses | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G protein | Blocker of stimulatory Gα subunits (Gαs) | Suramin, and its analogs | 10 µM | (283) |
| Activator of inhibitory Gα subunits (Gαi) | Pasteurella multocida toxin | 1 nM | (284) | |
| Adenylyl cyclase | MDL–12330A | 0.03–30 µM | (88, 172, 262) | |
| PKA | Blockers | H89 | 100 nM–30 µM | (105, 172, 262, 268) |
| Rp–cAMP and DPT–PKI | 50 µM–1 mM | (230, 268) | ||
| Phosphodiesterase activator | MR–L2 | 1–10 µM | (285) | |
| CREB | 2–naphthol–AS–E–phosphate | 25 µM | (286) | |
| Calcium levels | Cell permeable Ca2+–chelator | BAPTA–AM | 10–50 µM | (135, 171, 274) |
| Voltage–sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) | Nifedipine and Verapamil | 1–100 µM | (130, 230, 262, 271) | |
| Ca2+ antagonists CoCl2 and CdCl2 | 0.1–2 mM | (88, 271) | ||
| Activator of Ca2+–ATPase (SERCA) | CDN1163 | 10 µM | (287) | |
| Inhibitors of Ca2+ release channels | TMB–8 | 100 µM | (274) | |
| Xestopongin C | 1 µM | (275) | ||
| Nitric oxide route | NMMA | 0.3–1 mM | (148, 268) | |
| NAME | 10 µM | (65) | ||
| PLC | U–73122 | 5–50 µM | (88, 230, 262) | |
| PKC | GF109203X | 20 µM | (230) | |
| Phloretin | 25 µM | (262) | ||
| BIM | 2 µM | (268) | ||
| PI3K | Wortmannin | 10–100 nM | (146, 164) | |
| LY294002 | 10 µM | (164) | ||
| JAK2 | AG490 | 100 µM | (146) | |
| MEK1/2 | PD98059, U0126 | 10 µM | (62, 134, 164) | |
| p38 MAPK | SB202190 | 20 µM | (146) | |
| SB203580, PD169816 | 10 µM | (164) | ||
| Transcription | Actinomycin D | 8 µM | (129) | |