Table 1.
Landmark definitions
| Landmark | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bilateral skeletal landmarks | |
| Lateral orbit right (LOR) | The most anterior point at the intersection of the frontozygomatic suture on the right inner rim of the orbit |
| Lateral orbit left (LOL) | The most anterior point at the intersection of the frontozygomatic suture on the left inner rim of the orbit |
| Condyle point right (COR) | The most superior (sagittal perspective) and the middle (frontal perspective) point on the contour of the right condyle head |
| Condyle point left (COL) | The most superior (sagittal perspective) and the middle (frontal perspective) point on the contour of the left condyle head |
| Jugal point right (JR) | The intersection of the outline of the right maxillary tuberosity and the zygomatic buttress |
| Jugal point left (JL) | The intersection of the outline of the left maxillary tuberosity and the zygomatic buttress |
| Right antegonial notch (AGR) | Right deepest point on the curvature of the antegonial notch |
| Left antegonial notch (AGL) | Left deepest point on the curvature of the antegonial notch |
| Midline skeletal landmarks | |
| Crista galli (CG) | The most superior and anterior points on the median ridge of bone that projects upward from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone |
| Anterior nasal spine (ANS) | Center of the intersection of the nasal septum and the palate |
| Menton (Me) | Midpoint on the inferior border of the mental protuberance |
| Bilateral dentoalveolar landmarks | |
| Upper first molar axis right (U6AR) | Furcation of the upper right first molar |
| Upper first molar axis left (U6AL) | Furcation of the upper left first molar |
| Alveolar crest right (ACR) | The right side of the most cervical rim of the alveolar bone proper |
| Alveolar crest left (ACL) | The left side of the most cervical rim of the alveolar bone proper |
| Upper first molar cup right (U6MCR) | The upper right first molar mesiobuccal cup tip |
| Upper first molar cup left (U6MCL) | The upper left first molar mesiobuccal cup tip |
| Upper first molar central fossa right (U6CFR) | The upper right first molar central fossa |
| Upper first molar central fossa left (U6CFL) | The upper left first molar central fossa |
| Lower first molar mesiobuccal cusp tip right (L6MBR) | The lower right first molar mesiobuccal cup tip |
| Lower first molar mesiobuccal cusp tip left (L6MBL) | The lower left first molar mesiobuccal cup tip |
| Lower first molar axis right (L6AR) | Furcation of the lower right first molar |
| Lower first molar axis left (L6AL) | Furcation of the lower left first molar |