Table 1. Trends in sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of women aged 12–54 years in assessment of continuum of maternal health care, Mexico, 1994–2018.
| Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristicsa | Estimated percentage of weighted population (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994–1997 (n = 6 334 289) | 2004–2009 (n = 8 424 843) | 2010–2014 (n = 9 450 735) | 2015–2018 (n = 5 612 585) | |
| Age at last delivery (years) | ||||
| 12–19 | 14.1 (13.4–14.7) | 15.2 (14.6–15.9) | 16.3 (15.7–16.9) | 17.6 (16.8–18.3) |
| 20–29 | 57.8 (56.5–59.0) | 53.1 (52.2–54.1) | 53.3 (52.5–54.0) | 54.2 (53.2–55.2) |
| 30–39 | 25.3 (24.3–26.4) | 29.1 (28.3–30.0) | 27.7 (27.0–28.4) | 25.7 (24.8–26.6) |
| 40–54 | 2.9 (2.5–3.2) | 2.5 (2.2–2.8) | 2.7 (2.5–3.0) | 2.6 (2.2–2.9) |
| Household head | 4.8 (4.4–5.3) | 7.7 (7.3–8.1) | 9.1 (8.7–9.6) | 7.9 (7.4–8.4) |
| Speaks at least one indigenous language | 9.0 (7.3–10.7) | 6.6 (5.8–7.5) | 7.1 (6.5–7.8) | 7.4 (6.5–8.3) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 5.4 (5.0–5.9) | 8.5 (7.9–9.0) | 8.1 (7.7–8.6) | 8.0 (7.4–8.5) |
| Married or cohabiting | 89.4 (88.7–90.0) | 83.2 (82.5–83.9) | 82.2 (81.6–82.8) | 83.0 (82.2–83.8) |
| Divorced, separated or widowed | 5.2 (4.7–5.7) | 8.4 (7.9–8.9) | 9.6 (9.2–10.1) | 9.0 (8.5–9.6) |
| Education (years) | ||||
| 0–6 (none or elementary school) | 50.4 (47.6–53.1) | 29.6 (28.6–30.6) | 21.4 (20.6–22.1) | 15.8 (15.0–16.7) |
| 7–9 (secondary school) | 32.5 (30.8–34.2) | 35.4 (34.5–36.3) | 37.7 (36.9–38.5) | 38.3 (37.3–39.3) |
| 10–12 (high school) | 9.0 (8.2–9.9) | 22.7 (21.9–23.5) | 24.8 (24.1–25.6) | 27.7 (26.8–28.6) |
| 13–24 (higher education) | 8.1 (7.2–9.0) | 12.3 (11.6–12.9) | 16.1 (15.4–16.7) | 18.2 (17.3–19.0) |
| Employed in the last week | 35.1 (33.9–36.3) | 34.0 (33.1–34.9) | 36.8 (36.0–37.5) | 35.9 (34.8–36.9) |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Social security | 38.4 (36.1–40.7) | 35.5 (34.5–36.6) | 31.5 (30.8–32.3) | 32.1 (31.0–33.1) |
| Seguro Popular de Salud | NA | 30.7 (29.8–31.7) | 54.0 (53.1–54.9) | 54.7 (53.5–55.8) |
| None | 61.6 (59.3–63.9) | 33.7 (32.7–34.7) | 14.5 (13.9–15.1) | 13.3 (12.5–14.0) |
| Obstetric characteristics | ||||
| Primiparous | 30.7 (29.6–31.9) | 32.3 (31.4–33.2) | 34.5 (33.8–35.3) | 38.2 (37.2–39.1) |
| History of stillbirth or infant death | 3.3 (2.9–3.7) | 2.3 (2.1–2.6) | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) |
| At least one miscarriage or abortion | 13.1 (12.4–13.8) | 12.3 (11.7–12.9) | 13.0 (12.5–13.6) | 13.3 (12.6–13.9) |
| Health problem diagnosed during pregnancy | 68.6 (67.5–69.7) | 61.1 (60.1–62.1) | 64.4 (63.6–65.1) | 66.8 (65.8–67.8) |
| Health problem diagnosed during childbirth | 48.3 (47.2–49.4) | 43.9 (42.9–44.9) | 37.5 (36.8–38.3) | 40.2 (39.1–41.2) |
| Delivery by caesarean section | 28.1 (26.6–29.6) | 43.4 (42.4–44.3) | 45.8 (44.9–46.6) | 45.6 (44.5–46.7) |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Lowest | 17.3 (15.1–19.5) | 2.6 (2.2–3.1) | 1.8 (1.5–2.0) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) |
| Low | 15.1 (13.3–16.8) | 6.6 (6.0–7.3) | 6.7 (6.2–7.2) | 5.2 (4.6–5.8) |
| Medium | 20.2 (18.9–21.5) | 19.2 (18.3–20.2) | 22.3 (21.5–23.1) | 22.0 (21.0–23.1) |
| High | 10.7 (9.9–11.5) | 20.0 (19.1–21.0) | 19.0 (18.3–19.7) | 18.9 (18.0–19.7) |
| Highest | 36.8 (33.9–39.6) | 51.4 (50.2–52.6) | 50.2 (49.2–51.1) | 52.3 (51.0–53.6) |
| Area of residenceb | ||||
| Rural | 28.4 (23.1–33.7) | 24.8 (23.7–25.9) | 27.9 (27.1–28.8) | 28.7 (27.1–30.4) |
| Urban | 28.1 (23.1–33.1) | 31.4 (30.3–32.5) | 31.4 (30.3–32.4) | 30.6 (29.0–32.2) |
| Metropolitan | 43.5 (39.0–48.0) | 43.9 (42.9–44.9) | 40.7 (39.8–41.6) | 40.7 (39.2–42.2) |
CI: confidence interval; NA: not applicable.
a The data set includes women who have experienced at least one pregnancy.
b We classified areas with less than 2500 inhabitants as rural, areas with 2500–100 000 inhabitants as urban and areas with more than 100 000 inhabitants as metropolitan.
Note: The Seguro Popular de Salud programme was not introduced until 2003.