Fig. 1.

In vivo chronic two-photon imaging of cortical GABA and glutamate dynamics with cell-type specificity during aLOC. a Core experimental procedures including virus injection, cranial window surgery, adaption, and recording process. b The GABA and glutamate input to the pyramidal, PV, SOM, and VIP neurons in layer 2/3 of the primary visual (V1) cortex. c Illustration showing the working mechanisms of iGABASnFR and iGluSnFR sensors. d Left image: a representative field of view (FOV) of iGABASnFR from a VIP-ires-cre mouse. Scale bar: 50 μm. Right image: schematic of the experimental setup for two-photon imaging and EEG recording during isoflurane anaesthesia.