Table 4.
Percentage values of assertive (yes) or correct answers to topics relative to knowledge of schistosomiasis and risk behavior reported by 279 schoolchildren who adhered to the stool testing in the three annual surveys and answered the questionnaire on the five occasions in which it was applied.
| Topics | Groups | Statistics | Pre-EAs | 1 month post-EAs | 6 months post-EAs | 12 months post-EAs | 24 months post-EAs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) If already heard of schistosomiasis (yes/no) | CG | % (yes) | 87.0 | 95.9 | 99.2 | 99.2 | 100 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| EG | % (yes) | 94.2 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 3.58/0.06 | 4.35/0.04 | 0.01/0.05 | 0.01/0.91 | 0.00/1.00 | |
| 2) If already heard of disease at school (yes/no) | CG | % (yes) | 56.1 | 80.5 | 92.7 | 97.6 | 93.5 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| EG | % (yes) | 64.7 | 97.4 | 97.4 | 99.4 | 100 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 1.81/0.18 | 20.04/0.00 | 2.51/0.11 | 0.56/0.46 | 8.24/0.00 | |
| 3) If has or had schistosomiasis (yes/no) | CG | % (yes) | 12.2 | 28.5 | 27.6 | 29.3 | 30.1 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| EG | % (yes) | 16.7 | 42.9 | 41.7 | 46.2 | 47.4 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 0.77/0.38 | 5.62/0.02 | 5.31/0.02 | 7.57/0.01 | 7.94/0.01 | |
| 4) Where transmission occurs (water/soil/air) | CG | % (water) | 82.9 | 91.9 | 93.5 | 95.1 | 96.7 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| EG | % (water) | 81.4 | 100 | 99.4 | 99.4 | 100 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 0.29/0.86 | 10.91/0.00 | 5.81/0.02 | 3.46/0.06 | 3.10/0.08 | |
| 5) What animal transmits schistosomiasis (snail/mosquito/kissing bug) | CG | % (snail) | 30.9 | 65.9 | 73.2 | 78.9 | 81.3 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| EG | % (snail) | 43.5 | 98.7 | 96.8 | 98.7 | 100 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 4.18/0.04 | 53.47/0.00 | 30.65/0.00 | 27.87/0.00 | 29.39/0.00 | |
| 6) Where transmitter animal lives (water/soil/air) | CG | % (water) | 56.9 | 76.4 | 74.8 | 77.2 | 85.4 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| EG | % (water) | 65.4 | 97.4 | 97.4 | 98.1 | 98.1 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 1.75/0.186 | 27.14/0.000 | 30.10/0.000 | 28.17/0.000 | 14.19/0.000 | |
| 7) What material is used for schistosomiasis diagnosis (stool/blood/urine/other) | CG | % (stool) | 43.1 | 89.4 | 92.7 | 95.1 | 96.0 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| EG | % (stool) | 59.6 | 96.2 | 86.5 | 98.1 | 99.4 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 6.88/0.01 | 3.90/0.05 | 2.10/0.15 | 1.09/0.30 | 2.38/0.12 | |
| 8) Can schistosomiasis be treated (yes/no) | CG | % (yes) | 95.3 | 98.1 | 99.1 | 99.1 | 99.1 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | ||
| EG | % (yes) | 93.2 | 97.2 | 98.3 | 97.8 | 98.8 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.00 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 2.77/0.09 | 0.51/0.48 | 0.00/1.00 | 0.07/0.79 | 0.00/1.00 | |
| 9) If has or had contact with water bodies (yes/no) | CG | % (yes) | 59.0 | 56.1 | 60.4 | 59.0 | 55.7 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.47 | 0.71 | 1.00 | 0.41 | ||
| EG | % (yes) | 52.0 | 44.0 | 52.6 | 49.1 | 45.7 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.05 | 0.89 | 0.48 | 0.18 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 0.00/0.96 | 0.01/0.91 | 1.32/0.25 | 0.31/0.58 | 0.00/0.97 | |
| 10) If contact with water bodies involved any risk behaviora (yes/no) | CG | % (yes) | 87.5 | 78.9 | 74 | 77.2 | 67.5 |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | ||
| EG | % (yes) | 85.3 | 73.7 | 71.2 | 71.8 | 72.4 | |
| McNemar's p | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| CG vs EG | χ2/p | 0.19/0.66 | 0.49/0.49 | 0.15/0.70 | 0.80/0.37 | 0.59/0.44 |
The Experimental Group (EG) had 156 children and the Control Group (CG), 123. Significant differences (p-values <0.05) between baseline (Pre-EAs) and each subsequent time point (1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months post-EAs) were evaluated by the McNemar test. Significant differences between the two groups in each questionnaire application was assessed by chi-square (χ2) test.
Washing animals/vehicles/clothes/utensils, swimming, fishing, collecting sand, bathing.