FIGURE 4.

The anti‐inflammatory properties of the ChCo‐based scaffolds in vitro (A) RAW264.7 cells were induced by 1 μg/ml LPS, in the presence of ChCo‐based scaffolds or TA (1.2 mg) in 1 ml medium for 24 h. The mRNA abundance of TGFβ1, IL‐6 and TNFα in different groups was determined by real‐time PCR. (B) The secretion of TGFβ1, IL‐6 and TNFα in different groups was determined by Elisa. (C) and (D) Cellular invasiveness and recruitment of RAW264.7 according to LPS induction and addition of ChCo‐based scaffolds or TA were assessed by transwell assays; scale bar, 50 μm. The representative statistical results were performed using one‐way ANOVA test and shown as means ± SEM from 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001