Table 2. Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomes by Treatment Groupa.
| Outcome | Intensive treatment (95% CI) | Standard treatment (95% CI) | Difference in change (95% CI) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Change | Baseline | Follow-up | Change | |||
| Hippocampal volume, cm3 | 7.45 (7.37 to 7.53) | 7.39 (7.31 to 7.47) | −0.06 (−0.08 to −0.04) | 7.48 (7.40 to 7.57) | 7.46 (7.38 to 7.54) | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0) | −0.033 (−0.062 to −0.003) | .03 |
| Frontal gray matter volume, cm3 | 172.4 (170.4 to 174.3) | 164.7 (162.7 to 166.6) | −7.74 (−8.34 to −7.13) | 172.3 (170.3 to 174.3) | 165.6 (163.6 to 167.6) | −6.68 (−7.34 to −6.01) | −1.06 (−1.95 to −0.16) | .02 |
| SPARE-AD | −1.48 (−1.63 to −1.33) | −1.17 (−1.32 to −1.02) | 0.31 (0.27 to 0.36) | −1.63 (−1.79 to −1.48) | −1.36 (−1.51 to −1.20) | 0.28 (0.22 to 0.33) | 0.037 (−0.031 to 0.106) | .29 |
| Meta-ROI mean cortical thickness, mm | 2.77 (2.75 to 2.80) | 2.67 (2.64 to 2.70) | −0.11 (−0.12 to −0.09) | 2.80 (2.77 to 2.82) | 2.69 (2.66 to 2.72) | −0.10 (−0.12 to −0.09) | −0.002 (−0.027 to 0.023) | .88 |
| Mean FA in the cingulum bundle | 0.290 (0.277 to 0.303) | 0.289 (0.276 to 0.302) | −0.002 (−0.005 to 0.002) | 0.288 (0.275 to 0.301) | 0.289 (0.275 to 0.302) | 0.001 (−0.003 to 0.004) | −0.002 (−0.007 to 0.002) | .33 |
| Mean FA in the corpus callosum genu | 0.41 (0.37 to 0.46) | 0.39 (0.35 to 0.43) | −0.022 (−0.026 to −0.018) | 0.41 (0.37 to 0.45) | 0.39 (0.35 to 0.44) | −0.018 (−0.023 to −0.014) | −0.003 (−0.01 to 0.003) | .29 |
| CBF in the posterior cingulate gyrus, mL/100 mg/min | 61.9 (56.3 to 67.5) | 62.0 (56.2 to 67.7) | 0.04 (−2.18 to 2.26) | 59.2 (53.6 to 64.8) | 57.9 (52.0 to 63.7) | −1.33 (−3.75 to 1.09) | 1.37 (−1.89 to 4.64) | .41 |
| rCBF in posterior cingulate gyrus relative to putamen | 1.35 (1.29 to 1.40) | 1.25 (1.19 to 1.31) | −0.10 (−0.14 to −0.06) | 1.31 (1.25 to 1.36) | 1.24 (1.17 to 1.30) | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.03) | −0.024 (−0.085 to 0.037) | .44 |
| Frontal gray matter CBF, mL/100 mg/min | 51.27 (46.16 to 56.38) | 52.59 (47.35 to 57.83) | 1.32 (−0.47 to 3.10) | 49.58 (44.44 to 54.71) | 48.72 (43.43 to 54.01) | −0.86 (−2.77 to 1.05) | 2.18 (−0.42 to 4.77) | .10 |
Abbreviations: CBF, cerebral blood flow; FA, fractional anisotropy; rCBF, regional cerebral blood flow; ROI, region of interest; SPARE-AD, spatial pattern for recognition of Alzheimer disease.
Estimates based on a linear mixed model adjusting for age, sex, intracranial volume (for hippocampal volume, frontal gray matter volume, and SPARE-AD), and days since randomization, with random effects for participant and magnetic resonance imaging facility. Change denotes estimated least square mean comparing follow-up (estimated at 3.98 years postrandomization); negative values denote decreases from baseline, while positive values indicate increases from baseline. Difference in change reflects intensive treatment group minus standard treatment group.