Table 5.

Recommended vaccines in patients with IBD

Infectious agent	Vaccination schedule
Tetanus, diphteria, pertussis	All patients between 11 and 64 years of age should be vaccinated with a single dose of dTpa. All patients should be vaccinated with Td every 10 years
Hepatitis A	HAV immune status should be checked at the patient’s initial visit. If nonimmune to HAV, patient should be vaccinated with a 2-dose series (0 and 6–12 months)
Hepatitis B	HBV immune status should be checked at the patient’s initial visit. If nonimmune to HBV, patient should be vaccinated with a 3-dose series (0, 1–2, and 4–6 months) and recheck titres 1 month after the last dose. If no response, offer booster with a double dose of HBV vaccine
Human papilloma virus	All male and female patients between 11 and 26 years of age should be vaccinated with a 3-dose series (0, 2, and 6 months)
Influenzavirus	All patients should receive annual immunisation with inactivated influenza vaccine; live attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine is contraindicated in immunosuppressed patients
Neisseria meningitidis	All adult patients should receive a 2-dose series of MenACWY and a 2-dose series of MenB
Streptococcus pneumoniae	All patients with IBD should be vaccinated once with the PCV followed by the PPV (first dose after 8 weeks if immunocompromised, or after ≥ 1 year if immunocompetent; second dose after 5 years). If previously vaccinated with the PPV23, then PCV should be administered at least 1 year after the PPV
Measles, mumps, rubella viruses	Immune status should be checked at the patient’s initial visit. If nonimmune, patient should be vaccinated with a 2-dose series (> 4 weeks apart) at least 6 weeks before starting immunosuppressive therapy, when feasible. Recombinant inactivated vaccine may be considered
Varicella virus	Immune status should be checked at the patient’s initial visit. If nonimmune, patient should receive a 2-dose series (> 4 weeks apart) of live attenuated vaccine at least 1 month before starting high-dose immunosuppressive therapy, when feasible. Recombinant inactivated vaccine may be considered
Herpes zoster virus	Patients older than 50 years of age should receive 1 dose of live attenuated vaccine at least 1 month before starting high-dose immunosuppressive therapy, when feasible. Recombinant inactivated vaccine may be considered

HAV hepatitis A, HBV hepatitis B, MenACWY meningococcal conjugate vaccine (quadrivalent), MenB serogroup B meningococcal vaccine, PCV pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PPV pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Td adult/adolescent formulation of tetanus/diphtheria vaccine, Tdap adult/adolescent formulation of tetanus/diphtheria/(acellular)pertussis vaccine