Figure 3.

Effect of phase‐change nanodroplet (PCND) concentrations on the cytotoxicity threshold reduction effect. Cell viability after ultrasound exposure at a peak negative pressure of A, 2.0 MPa and B, 5.1 MPa (blue circle: DLD‐1 cells treated with 9E5‐conjugated PCNDs; red circle: DLD‐1 cells treated with cell‐penetrating peptide [CPP]–conjugated PCNDs; blue square: AGS cells treated with 9E5‐conjugated PCNDs; and red square: AGS cells treated with CPP‐conjugated PCNDs). C, Cell viability after treatment with 10¹⁰ droplets/mL of 9E5‐conjugated PCNDs and ultrasound exposure at 2.8 MPa