Figure 3.

Both loss and gain of RhoB expression contribute to a decreased invasion in a multicellular spheroid model. A, The invasion of tumor spheroids composed of 10 000 nontarget control, RhoB‐1, or RhoB+ cells fully embedded into 2‐mg/mL collagen gels were imaged by phase contrast (n = 10–12, N = 2). B, The area of the spheroids was obtained by manual tracing using the NIS‐Elements software and converted into radius assuming a perfect circle. The invaded distance was determined by subtracting the initial radius to each time point. C, The change in spheroid radius as a result of invasion was measured and plotted at days 0, 2, 4, and 6. Data are shown as mean ± standard error of mean; n = 10–12, N = 2. ***, P < 0.001 vs. nontarget control (two‐way analysis of variance with Bonferroni posttest)