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A simplified block diagram of signaling pathways by key regulators: AMPK and mTORC1. Blue arrow line means activation. Red arrow line means inhibition. These are not necessarily direct. Both, AMPK and mTORC1 are activated by the addition of amino acids. AMPK opposes mTORC1 and activates autophagy. AMP, adenosine monophosphate; AMPK, AMP‐activated protein kinase; NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; HIF1α, hypoxia inducible factor
