Table 2.

Factors Associated with Clinical Frailty Scale scores at 3 and 12 months.

					3 Months					12 Months
Factor	Reference	Comparison	Point Estimate		95% CI	P		Point Estimate		95% CI	P
Baseline CFS score	3	4	0.2		0.1 to 0.3	0.007		0.2		0.1 to 0.3	0.002
Age	51	70	0.1		−0.1 to 0.3	0.14		0.2		0.1 to 0.4	0.003
Education	12	14	−0.1		−0.2 to 0.0	0.09		−0.1		−0.2 to 0.0	0.23
Sex	Male	Female	−0.1		−0.3 to 0.1	0.28		0.0		−0.2 to 0.2	0.99
Charlson Index score	1	4	0.3		0.1 to 0.5	0.004		0.2		0.0 to 0.4	0.21
Katz ADL score	0	1	0.2		0.1 to 0.2	<0.001		0.2		0.1 to 0.2	<0.001
FAQ score	0	2	0.0		0.0 to 0.1	0.15		0.1		0.0 to 0.1	0.04
Duration of mechanical ventilation	1	5	0.3		−0.1 to 0.6	0.25		−0.3		−0.6 to 0.1	0.12
Duration of sepsis	0	5	−0.1		−0.4 to 0.3	0.94		0.2		−0.1 to 0.5	0.33
Duration of delirium	0	5	0.0		−0.3 to 0.3	0.89		0.1		−0.3 to 0.4	0.16
Duration of coma	0	2	−0.2		−0.5 to 0.1	0.22		0.1		−0.2 to 0.4	0.02
Discharge location	Home	Facility	0.3		0.1 to 0.6	0.01		0.2		−0.1 to 0.5	0.12
Modified SOFA score	4	7	−0.1		−0.3 to 0.1	<0.001		−0.2		−0.4 to 0.1	<0.001

CFS= Clinical Frailty Scale; ADL= activities of daily living; FAQ= functional activities questionnaire for instrumental ADLs.

Reference values are those at the 25^th percentile and comparison values are those at the 75^th percentile (except for sex and discharge location). Positive point estimates represent an increase in CFS score at follow-up, indicating more severe frailty. For example, in a comparison of two patients, alike in all other ways (i.e., other factors adjusted to their median or mode value), a patient with a baseline CFS score of 4 would have 0.2-point higher CFS score at 12 months compared with a patient with a baseline CFS score of 3. Though a number of factors demonstrate statistical significance, the magnitude of these changes in CFS scores are small and below the clinically significant change in CFS score of 1. In cases where the confidence interval crosses 0, but the p-value is significant, the p-value is correct.