Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of North Korean Refugees (n = 178)

	Mean ± SD
Demographic characteristics
Age, years	37.84 ± 11.40 (range: 19–73)
Female, n (%)	135 (76%)
Life satisfaction in South Korea
Economic	3.05 ± 1.10
Occupational	2.94 ± 1.17
Medical	3.93 ± 0.94
Educational	3.90 ± 0.94
Overall	3.51 ± 1.03
Defense Style Questionnaire
Acting out	3.33 ± 1.39
Consumption	2.74 ± 1.30
Denial	2.70 ± 1.24
Fantasizing	2.70 ± 1.29
Resignation	3.12 ± 1.43
Inhibition	3.57 ± 1.11
Reaction formation	3.26 ± 1.24
Passive aggression	2.89 ± 1.08
Projection	2.50 ± 0.92
Splitting	3.74 ± 1.16
Sublimation	3.74 ± 1.24
Undoing	3.51 ± 1.24
Withdrawal	3.80 ± 1.67
Omnipotence	3.79 ± 1.47
Humor	3.92 ± 1.42
Isolation	2.58 ± 1.15
CES-D	19.83 ± 12.14
STAI-S	44.45 ± 11.75
Number of traumatic events experienced	7.04 ± 5.48

CES-D the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale, STAI-S the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State