Figure 4.

Tornado plot of deterministic sensitivity analyses. As vaccine anaphylaxis risk exceeded 0.8%, a risk-stratification approach was cost-effective (WTP = 10,000,000 per death prevented). Incremental net monetary benefit of a risk-stratification approach vs universal vaccination is shown. Blue bars represent assumptions below the base case, and red bars depict assumptions above the base case. Positive incremental NMB represents cost-effectiveness of a risk-stratification approach, and negative NMB reflects cost-effectiveness of the universal strategy. An incremental net monetary benefit with a negative EV indicates risk stratification is not cost-effective. EV, Expected value; NMB, net monetary benefit; WTP, willingness to pay.