Table 1.
Study | Country | Population | Study design | Depression measurement |
ART use measurement |
Sample size |
% of Caucasians |
% of males |
Depression prevalence (%) |
CD4 as ART criteria (cells/μL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Martinez et al (2008) 13 | Uganda | PLHIV | cross-sectional | Hopkins Symptom Checklist | Medical records | 421 | 0 | 37 | 19 | All |
Tegger et al (2008) 14 | U.S. | PLHIV | prospective | Physician | Medical records | 173 | 53 | 82 | 31 | <350 |
Hightow-Weidman et al (2011) 18 | U.S. | HIV-infected young MSM | prospective | CES-D | Medical records | 60 | 0 | 100 | 30 | <350 |
Goodness et al (2014) 15 | Russia | HIV-infected heavy drinkers | prospective | BDI-II score | self-report | 133 | 100 | 53 | 59 | <350 |
Cook et al among nondrug users (2007) 16 | U.S. | HIV-infected women | prospective | CES-D | self-report | 1371 | 22 | 0 | 55 | All |
Cook et al among drug users (2007) 16 | U.S. | HIV-infected women | prospective | CES-D | self-report | 339 | 22 | 0 | 55 | All |
Cohen et al (2004) 17 | U.S. | HIV-infected women | prospective | CES-D | self-report | 750 | 16 | 0 | 45 | <350 |
Turner et al among Whites (2006) 23 | U.S. | PLHIV | prospective | CIDI-SF | self-report | 1062 | 100 | 84 | 28 | All |
Turner BJ et al-among Blacks and Hispanics (2006) 23 | U.S. | PLHIV | prospective | CIDI-SF | self-report | 920 | 0 | 56 | 28 | All |
Lillie-Blanton et al (2010) 19 | U.S. | HIV-infected women | prospective | CES-D | self-report | 1354 | 14 | 0 | 26 | All |
Feliciano et al (2008) 20 | Puerto Rico | HIV-infected PWID | cross-sectional | Self-report | self-report | 792 | 0 | 84 | 77 | All |
Notes: MSM stands for men who have sex with men; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II. CIDI-SF: Composite International Diagnostic Interview short-form; PWID: people who inject drugs.