Table 1.

Studies on association between depression and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV)

Study	Country	Population	Study design	Depression measurement	ART use measurement	Sample size	% of Caucasians	% of males	Depression prevalence (%)	CD4 as ART criteria (cells/μL)
Martinez et al (2008) 13	Uganda	PLHIV	cross-sectional	Hopkins Symptom Checklist	Medical records	421	0	37	19	All
Tegger et al (2008) 14	U.S.	PLHIV	prospective	Physician	Medical records	173	53	82	31	<350
Hightow-Weidman et al (2011) 18	U.S.	HIV-infected young MSM	prospective	CES-D	Medical records	60	0	100	30	<350
Goodness et al (2014) 15	Russia	HIV-infected heavy drinkers	prospective	BDI-II score	self-report	133	100	53	59	<350
Cook et al among nondrug users (2007) 16	U.S.	HIV-infected women	prospective	CES-D	self-report	1371	22	0	55	All
Cook et al among drug users (2007) 16	U.S.	HIV-infected women	prospective	CES-D	self-report	339	22	0	55	All
Cohen et al (2004) 17	U.S.	HIV-infected women	prospective	CES-D	self-report	750	16	0	45	<350
Turner et al among Whites (2006) 23	U.S.	PLHIV	prospective	CIDI-SF	self-report	1062	100	84	28	All
Turner BJ et al-among Blacks and Hispanics (2006) 23	U.S.	PLHIV	prospective	CIDI-SF	self-report	920	0	56	28	All
Lillie-Blanton et al (2010) 19	U.S.	HIV-infected women	prospective	CES-D	self-report	1354	14	0	26	All
Feliciano et al (2008) 20	Puerto Rico	HIV-infected PWID	cross-sectional	Self-report	self-report	792	0	84	77	All

Notes: MSM stands for men who have sex with men; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II. CIDI-SF: Composite International Diagnostic Interview short-form; PWID: people who inject drugs.