Table 2.
Differences in the daily average patient staffing intensities of COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 critical care. A Bonferroni-corrected P value of .002 was used as the null hypothesis rejection threshold.
| Expertise category | Staffing intensity, mean (SD) | Staffing intensity, median (IQR) | P value | |||
| COVID-19 critical care | Non–COVID-19 critical care | COVID-19 critical care | Non–COVID-19 critical care | |||
| COVID-19 categories | ||||||
| Hospital nurse practitioners: nurse practitioner | 1.81 (0.19) | 0.27 (0.10) | 1.76 (1.37) | 0 (0.18) | <.001 | |
| Medical Center Easta: registered Nurse | 0.78 (0.08) | 0.21 (0.07) | 0.69 (0.70) | 0 (0.02) | <.001 | |
| Cardiovascular intensive care unit: registered Nurse | 0.26 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.18 (0.37) | 0 (0) | <.001 | |
| Internal medicine: nurse practitioner | 0.33 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.23 (0.30) | 0 (0.05) | <.001 | |
| Surgical intensive care unit: registered nurse | 0.17 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.09 (0.29) | 0 (0) | .002 |
|
| Non–COVID-19 categories | ||||||
| Medicine house staff: resident physician | 0.18 (0.06) | 1.56 (0.15) | 0 (0.07) | 1.62 (1.32) | <.001 | |
| Emergency medicine: resident physician | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.27 (0.05) | 0 (0.05) | 0.16 (0.30) | <.001 | |
| Categories that were not statistically significant | ||||||
| Medical Center Easta: technician | 0.23 (0.03) | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.22 (0.19) | 0 (0) | .007 | |
| Hematology oncology: physician | 3.54 10-3 (2.87 10-3) | 0.22 (0.08) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.06) | .01 | |
| Emergency medicine: physician | 0.27 (0.06) | 0.53 (0.10) | 0.11 (0.43) | 0.30 (0.92) | .02 | |
| Pharmacy inpatient (central): pharmacist | 0.12 (0.03) | 0.21 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.14) | 0.15 (0.13) | .03 | |
| Pharmacy inpatient (evening): pharmacist | 0.16 (0.03) | 0.24 (0.03) | 0.12 (0.28) | 0.21 (0.23) | .03 | |
| Infectious disease: physician | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.18 (0.05) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.20) | .05 | |
| Internal medicine: physician | 1.14 (0.13) | 0.60 (0.11) | 0.92 (1.12) | 0.53 (0.90) | .002 | |
| Medical intensive care unit: registered nurse | 1.19 (0.13) | 0.95 (0.10) | 1.03 (0.91) | 0.85 (0.78) | .13 | |
| Radiology: physician | 0.30 (0.04) | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.27 (0.34) | 0.37 (0.42) | .15 | |
| Nephrology: physician | 0.14 (0.05) | 0.26 (0.10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.05) | .21 | |
| Allergy/pulmonary: physician | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.94 (0.12) | 0.65 (0.82) | 0.88 (0.73) | .21 | |
| Pharmacy inpatient operations manager: pharmacist | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.21 (0.04) | 0.11 (0.13) | 0.14 (0.24) | .22 | |
| Pharmacy inpatient satellite operating room: pharmacist | 0.20 (0.04) | 0.15 (0.03) | 0.11 (0.38) | 0.11 (0.23) | .28 | |
| Respiratory care: respiratory therapist | 0.74 (0.11) | 0.89 (0.14) | 0.60 (0.87) | 0.80 (1.32) | .30 | |
| Emergency services: registered nurse | 0.15 (0.05) | 0.17 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.18) | 0.09 (0.18) | .41 | |
| Pharmacy inpatient (evening): pharmacy technician | 0.26 (0.05) | 0.28 (0.05) | 0.16 (0.36) | 0.19 (0.40) | .43 | |
| Cardiovascular medicine: physician | 0.21 (0.04) | 0.18 (0.03) | 0.15 (0.37) | 0.16 (0.15) | .43 | |
aMedical Center East is the building where we created the COVID-19 unit. Before the creation of the COVID-19 unit, nurses in this building cared for critically ill patients without COVID-19.