Table 2.
Likelihood of primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) diagnosis versus rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) as a function of an increase in biomarker concentration.
| Biomarker name / Value of unit increase in serum concentration | pSS probability vs RA | pSS probability vs SLE | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | p | OR [95% CI] | p | |||
| SPP1 / +10 ng/ml | 1.067 [0.876–1.299] | 0.5193 | 1.035 [0.787–1.36] | 0.8076 | ||
| HDP / +100 ng/ml | 1.057 [0.974–1.147] | 0.1835 | 0.9 [0.817–0.991] | 0.0318 | ||
| TPS2 / +10 ng/ml | 1.059 [0.716–1.567] | 0.7737 | 0.697 [0.433–1.122] | 0.1371 | ||
| preHp2 / +100 ng/ml | 1.019 [0.877–1.183] | 0.8066 | 0.859 [0.686–1.074] | 0.1827 | ||
| LGalS3P/ +1,000 ng/ml | 1.116 [0.982–1.268] | 0.092 | 1.029 [0.886–1.196] | 0.7042 | ||
| Adiponectin / +1,000 ng/ml | 0.954 [0.87–1.047] | 0.3191 | 0.958 [0.845–1.086] | 0.5009 | ||
| oxLDL/ +10,000 mU/ml | 1.034 [0.822–1.301] | 0.7737 | 1.093 [0.815–1.465] | 0.5538 | ||
| Hyaluronic Acid / +10 ng/ml | 0.936 [0.863–1.015] | 0.1109 | 1.137 [0.948–1.363] | 0.1662 | ||
| RA: FABP4 / +10 ng/ml | SLE: FABP4 Tertile 1 | 1.033 [0.9–1.186] | 0.6408 | 0.32 [0.063–1.631] | 0.1704 | |
| SLE: FABP4 Tertile 2 | 0.459 [0.086–2.459] | 0.3632 | ||||
| RA: CTSS / +1000pg/ml | SLE: CTSS Classes 0, 1, 2 | 0.939 [0.771–1.143] | 0.5289 | 3.123 [0.563–17.314] | 0.1925 | |
| SLE: CTSS Classes 3, 4 | 14.064 [1.56–126.806] | 0.0185 | ||||
| BDNF / +10,000pg/ml | 0.493 [0.273–0.891] | 0.0193 | 0.817 [0.406–1.647] | 0.5728 | ||
| RA: SPARC / +100ng/ml | SLE: SPARC Classes 0, 1, 2 | 1.065 [0.877–1.293] | 0.5263 | 0.311 [0.031–3.173] | 0.3246 | |
| SLE: SPARC Class 3 | 1.794 [0.073–44.11] | 0.7205 | ||||
| SLE: SPARC Class 4 | 0.035 [0.002–0.66] | 0.0253 | ||||
| Haptoglobin / +10,000 ng/ml | 1.015 [1.002–1.029] | 0.0262 | 1.004 [0.991–1.018] | 0.5438 | ||
| RA: sCD14 Tertile 1 | SLE: sCD14+10,000 pg/ml | 0.825 [0.245–2.783] | 0.757 | 0.99 [0.975–1.005] | 0.1907 | |
| RA: sCD14 Tertile 2 | 0.779 [0.243–2.501] | 0.675 | ||||
| MBL2 / +100 ng/ml | 1.032 [0.976–1.09] | 0.2679 | 1.055 [0.959–1.161] | 0.2691 | ||
| APRIL/TNFSF13 / +10,000 pg/ml | 1.059 [0.952–1.177] | 0.2921 | 0.995 [0.931–1.063] | 0.8788 | ||
| BAFF/TNFSF13B / +10,000 pg/ml | 0.745 [0.53–1.047] | 0.0898 | 0.704 [0.408–1.215] | 0.2076 | ||
| sCD30/TNFRSF8 / +100 pg/ml | 1.045 [0.841–1.3] | 0.6903 | 0.806 [0.631–1.03] | 0.0848 | ||
| sCD163 / +10,000 pg/ml | 1.138 [0.96–1.35] | 0.1364 | 0.803 [0.649–0.994] | 0.0436 | ||
| Chitinase 3 like / +1,000 pg/ml | 0.972 [0.922–1.025] | 0.3004 | 0.949 [0.881–1.023] | 0.1699 | ||
| gp130/sIL-6Rb / +1,000 pg/ml | 1.031 [0.98–1.084] | 0.2383 | 1.007 [0.948–1.069] | 0.8271 | ||
| sIL-6Ra / +1,000 pg/ml | 0.901 [0.803–1.012] | 0.0776 | 0.856 [0.698–1.049] | 0.1329 | ||
| MMP-2 / +1,000 pg/ml | 1.025 [0.975–1.077] | 0.3314 | 1.009 [0.947–1.075] | 0.7793 | ||
| MMP-3 / +1,000 pg/ml | 1.007 [0.898–1.13] | 0.9025 | 1.043 [0.899–1.209] | 0.579 | ||
| Osteocalcin / +100 pg/ml | 0.96 [0.903–1.02] | 0.1886 | 0.981 [0.919–1.047] | 0.5574 | ||
| Osteopontin / +1000 pg/ml | 0.994 [0.957–1.033] | 0.7697 | 1.001 [0.962–1.04] | 0.9794 | ||
| Pentraxin-3 / +10 pg/ml | 1.003 [0.972–1.035] | 0.8548 | 0.981 [0.945–1.018] | 0.3007 | ||
| sTNFR1 / +1,000 pg/ml | 1.784 [0.882–3.607] | 0.1072 | 0.929 [0.617–1.4] | 0.7255 | ||
| sTNFR2 / +1,000 pg/ml | 1.317 [0.969–1.79] | 0.0785 | 0.79 [0.588–1.06] | 0.1162 | ||
| TWEAK/TNSF12 / +10 pg/ml | 1.03 [0.955–1.112] | 0.4429 | 0.983 [0.883–1.095] | 0.7539 | ||
| 6Ckine/CCL21 / +1,000 pg/ml | 1.104 [0.703–1.733] | 0.6669 | 0.63 [0.366–1.086] | 0.0964 | ||
| BCA-1/CXCL13 / +10 pg/ml | 0.984 [0.921–1.051] | 0.6347 | 0.931 [0.802–1.081] | 0.3501 | ||
| CTACK/CCL27 / +100 pg/ml | 1.001 [0.931–1.076] | 0.9865 | 0.534 [0.287–0.991] | 0.5596 | ||
| ENA-78/CXCL5 / +100 pg/ml | 1.052 [0.984–1.126] | 0.1393 | 1.029 [0.977–1.083] | 0.2799 | ||
| Eotaxin/CCL11 / +10 pg/ml | 0.964 [0.858–1.084] | 0.5408 | 0.895 [0.767–1.043] | 0.1556 | ||
| Eotaxin-2/CCL24 / +100 pg/ml | 1.036 [0.971–1.105] | 0.2819 | 0.889 [0.811–0.974] | 0.0117 | ||
| RA: Fractalkine/CX3CL1 Tertile 1 | SLE: Fractalkine/CX3CL1 / +100 pg/ml | 0.467 [0.138–1.583] | 0.2213 | 0.0466 | ||
| RA: Fractalkine/CX3CL1 Tertile 2 | 0.52 [0.148–1.825] | 0.3075 | ||||
| GCP-2/CXCL6 / +10 pg/ml | 1.03 [0.881–1.204] | 0.7122 | 0.971 [0.816–1.156] | 0.743 | ||
| GM-CSF / +10 pg/ml | 1.065 [0.909–1.249] | 0.4347 | 0.898 [0.753–1.071] | 0.2329 | ||
| RA: Gro-a/CXCL1 / +10 pg/ml | SLE: Gro-a/CXCL1 Tertile 1 | 1.018 [0.977–1.06] | 0.3973 | 3.931 [0.901–17.155] | 0.0686 | |
| SLE: Gro-a/CXCL1 Tertile 2 | 1.663 [0.292–9.463] | 0.5662 | ||||
| Gro-b/CXCL2 / +100 pg/ml | 1.057 [0.938–1.192] | 0.3636 | 0.965 [0.867–1.074] | 0.5118 | ||
| I-309/CCL1 / +10 pg/ml | 1.025 [0.786–1.338] | 0.8544 | 0.962 [0.728–1.272] | 0.787 | ||
| IL-4 / +10 pg/ml | 0.623 [0.317–1.226] | 0.1709 | 0.632 [0.293–1.363] | 0.2422 | ||
| IL-8 / +10 pg/ml | 0.966 [0.883–1.056] | 0.4444 | 0.904 [0.602–1.357] | 0.6257 | ||
| IL-16 / +100 pg/ml | 1.027 [0.847–1.245] | 0.7891 | 0.87 [0.645–1.175] | 0.3641 | ||
| IP-10/CXCL10 / +100 pg/ml | 0.973 [0.781–1.213] | 0.8105 | 0.808 [0.596–1.095] | 0.1689 | ||
| I-TAC/CXCL11 / +10 pg/ml | 1.344 [1.027–1.76] | 0.0314 | 0.932 [0.844–1.028] | 0.1572 | ||
| RA: MCP-1/CCL2 Tertile 1 | SLE: MCP-1/CCL2 / +10 pg/ml | 1.925 [0.568–6.519] | 0.2927 | 0.839 [0.732–0.962] | 0.0121 | |
| RA: MCP-1/CCL2 Tertile 2 | 2.2 [0.681–7.102] | 0.1873 | ||||
| MCP-2/CCL8 / +10 pg/ml | 1.011 [0.883–1.157] | 0.8734 | 0.92 [0.794–1.067] | 0.2699 | ||
| MCP-3/CCL7 / +10 pg/ml | 0.935 [0.809–1.08] | 0.3612 | 0.898 [0.738–1.094] | 0.2856 | ||
| MCP-4/CCL13 / +100 pg/ml | 1.122 [0.579–2.175] | 0.7337 | 0.712 [0.277–1.832] | 0.4808 | ||
| MDC/CCL22 / +100 pg/ml | 1.013 [0.914–1.122] | 0.8056 | 0.869 [0.749–1.008] | 0.0633 | ||
| MIF / +1000 pg/ml | 0.942 [0.87–1.02] | 0.141 | 1.329 [0.872–2.026] | 0.1853 | ||
| MIG/CXCL9 / +100 pg/ml | 1.077 [0.962–1.206] | 0.1965 | 0.956 [0.85–1.075] | 0.4536 | ||
| MIP-1a/CCL3 / +10 pg/ml | 0.93 [0.778–1.111] | 0.4215 | 0.601 [0.323–1.12] | 0.1088 | ||
| MIP-1d/CCL15 / +1,000 pg/ml | 1.05 [0.985–1.119] | 0.1313 | 0.963 [0.904–1.026] | 0.24 | ||
| MIP-3a/CCL20 / +10 pg/ml | 0.977 [0.622–1.533] | 0.9179 | 0.664 [0.355–1.244] | 0.2013 | ||
| RA: MIP-3b/CCL19 Classe 0 | SLE: MIP-3b/CCL19 / +100 pg/ml | 2.571 [0.361–18.325] | 0.3459 | 0.928 [0.753–1.144] | 0.4858 | |
| RA: MIP-3b/CCL19 Classes 1, 2, 3 | 0.429 [0.106–1.736] | 0.2352 | ||||
| RA: MIP-3b/CCL19 Classe 4 | 3.142 [0.45–21.952] | 0.2483 | ||||
| MPIF-1/CCL23 / +100 pg/ml | 1.051 [0.82–1.348] | 0.6944 | 0.887 [0.638–1.234] | 0.4762 | ||
| SCYB16/CXCL16 / +100 pg/ml | 1.066 [0.848–1.341] | 0.5843 | 0.934 [0.697–1.252] | 0.6477 | ||
| SDF-1a+b/CXCL12 / +1,000 pg/ml | 0.954 [0.562–1.621] | 0.8631 | 0.651 [0.345–1.23] | 0.1864 | ||
| RA: TARC/CCL17 Tertile 1 | SLE: TARC/CCL17 / +100 pg/ml | 0.706 [0.2–2.487] | 0.5878 | 0.913 [0.678–1.23] | 0.5507 | |
| RA: TARC/CCL17 Tertile 2 | 0.227 [0.065–0.793] | 0.0202 | ||||
| TECK/CCL25 / +100 pg/ml | 1.002 [0.755–1.331] | 0.9866 | 0.824 [0.566–1.2] | 0.3125 | ||
| TNFa / +10 pg/ml | 0.798 [0.506–1.258] | 0.3316 | 0.479 [0.247–0.928] | 0.0292 | ||
Odds Ratios (OR), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), for the likelihood of pSS diagnosis versus RA or SLE, in separate logistic regressions for each biomarker, are represented. ORs comparing pSS versus SLE were age-adjusted. For biomarkers specified as categorical variables in the models, the reference level was the highest class.