Figure 1. Effects of FxOH on tumorigenicity, growth, and apoptosis induction in pancreatic cancer cells derived from PtflaCre/+: LSL-K-rasG12D/+ mice. (A) A representative pancreatic tumor produced by injection of KMPC44 cells. KMPC44 cells were dissociated into a single-cell suspension and injected into the pancreases of C57BL/6JJmsSlc mice at 1×106 cells/50 μl Hanks’s balanced salt solution. After 1 month, the mice were sacrificed and the tumors were photographed. (B-D) KMPC44 cells were treated with (B) 1.0 and 5.0 μM of fucoxanthinol (FxOH) for 1 day (left panel) and 2 days (right panel). (B) Cell viability was measured using the absorbance from a WST-1 assay. Means±SE (n=6). (C and D) 5.0 μM of FxOH for 2 days. (C) Images of KMPC44 cells were taken using a phase-contrast microscope. Bars are 200 μm. (D) Apoptotic-like cells (sub-G1) and cell cycle profiles (G1, S and G2/M) in FxOH-treated and control KMPC44 cells are shown. The data were obtained using a FACSaria-III flow cytometer. Means±SE (n=3). *p<0.05. n.s., No significance.