Table 7.

The quality control of Z. officinale in Pharmacopoeia of different countries.

Name	Medicinal part	Pharmacopeia	Water detection or loss on drying	Ash detection		Volatile oil content	Extract content	Determination of content
				Total ash	Acid insoluble ash			Marker components	Content requirements
Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens	Fresh rhizome	Chinese Pharmacopeia (vision 2015)	—	≤2.0%	—	≥0.12% (ml/g)	—	6-Gingerol;	≥0.05%;
								8-Gingerol and 10-gingerol	The total content ≥0.04%
Zingiberis Rhizoma	Dried rhizome	Chinese Pharmacopeia (vision 2015)	≤19.0%	≤6.0%	—	≥0.8% (ml/g)	≥22.0%	6-Gingerol	≥0.6%
Zingiberis Rhizoma	Rhizome	Japanese Pharmacopeia (vision 2017)	—	≤8.0%	—	—	—	6-Gingerol	≥0.3%
Zingiberis Processum Rhizoma	Rhizome	Japanese Pharmacopeia (vision 2017)	≤15.0%	≤6.5%	≤1.5%	—	≥8.0%	—	—
Zingiberis Rhizoma	Dried rhizome	United States Pharmacopeial Convention (vision 2017)	≤10.0%	≤8.0%	≤2.0%	≥1.8 ml/100 g	≥10.0%	Gingerols and gingerdiones; shogaols	The total content ≥0.8% ≤ 0.18%
Zingiberis Rhizoma	Dried rhizome	European pharmacopoeia (vision 8.0)	≤100 ml/kg	≤6.0%	-	≥15 ml/kg	—	—	—
Zingiberis Rhizoma	Dried rhizome	Korean Pharmacopoeia (KP X)	—	≤8.0%	—	—	—	6-Gingerol	≥0.4%
Sunthi	Dried rhizome	Indian Pharmacopoeia (vision 2010)	≤12.0%	≤8.0%	≤1.5%	—	≥2.0%	Total gingerols	≥0.8%

Cited from the Drug Standard Database at https://www.drugfuture.com/standard/search.aspx.