Table 1.
The “good” vs. the “bad” side of eugenol and ZOE-based materials in dentistry.
| Type of material | Type of study | Beneficial effects | Deleterious effects | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eugenol | In vivo | (i) Anti-inflammatory properties (ii) Antinociceptive activity |
— | [33] |
| Eugenol | In vitro | (i) Antimicrobial activity against the periodontal pathogens | — | [35] |
| Eugenol | In vitro | (i) Antibacterial activity against oral pathogens (ii) Cario-protective action (iii) Antifungal activity (iv) Cytotoxic action against several cancer cells (v) Antimutagenic action |
— | [36] |
| Eugenol | In vitro | — | (i) Suppresses polymerization (ii) Reduces the mechanical properties of composite resins but to a distance of less than 100 nm |
[29] |
| Eugenol | In vivo | (i) Promoted wound healing (ii) Anti-inflammatory action (iii) Analgesic action |
— | [44] |
| Eugenol | In vitro | (i) No DNA strand break activity | (i) Cytotoxic effects to oral mucosal fibroblasts (ii) Decrease of cellular ATP level (iii) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation |
[53] |
| Eugenol | In vitro | (i) Concentration-dependent effect on cellular growth | (i) Decreased cell survival (ii) Decreased collagen synthesis |
[55] |
| Eugenol | In vitro | (i) Apoptosis of oral SCC cells line | (i) Low tumor-specificity | [56] |
| Eugenol | In vitro | (i) Toxic effects on dental pulp fibroblasts (even at very low concentrations) | [60] | |
| Eugenol | In vivo | (i) Hypersensitivity response of oral mucosa (ii) Cytotoxic effects |
[63] | |
| Eugenol | In vitro | (i) Retardation of the resin dental materials polymerization | [67] | |
| ZOE | In vitro | (i) Anti-inflammatory effect (ii) Immunomodulatory effects |
(i) Decrease in cell viability (ii) Cytotoxic effect in high concentrations |
[32] |
| ZOE | In vivo | (i) Anaesthetic action (ii) Inhibition of intradental nerve activity |
— | [43] |
| ZOE | In vitro | (i) Good mechanical properties as a base under composite materials | — | [71] |
| ZOE |
In vivo
In vitro |
(i) Anti-inflammatory effects (ii) Inhibition of synthesis of cyclooxygenase derivatives |
— | [39] |
| ZOE | In vitro | — | (i) Increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts | [46] |
| ZOE | In vitro | — | (i) High cytotoxicity for fibroblasts cell lines | [47] |
| ZOE | In vitro | — | (i) Cytotoxic activity (ii) Inhibition of the metabolic activity |
[48] |
| ZOE | In vitro | — | (i) High cytotoxicity on human periodontal ligament cells and V79 cells | [49] |
| ZOE | In vitro | — | (i) Cytotoxic activity on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and L929 cells | [50] |
| ZOE | In vitro | — | (i) Negative effects on microtensile bond strength of adhesives to dentin | [59] |
| ZOE (Endomethasone) | In vitro | — | (i) Decrease in bond strength to the root dentin | [68] |
| ZOE (Endomethasone) | In vivo | — | (i) Periapical inflammation with granulomatous reaction around the sealer particles | [51] |
| ZOE + hydrocortisone (Endomethasone N) | In vitro | (i) Decreased cell migration and secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by human periodontal ligament cells | — | [62] |