Table 3.
A Time-Varying Covariate Cox Proportional Hazard Regression for Association of Statin Use and Hazard Ratio (HR) for All-Cause Mortality in 950 COPD High-Risk Outpatients
| Crude | Adjusted | Interaction CVD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Statin use | 1.25 | 0.96, 1.64 | 0.102 | 1.05 | 0.75, 1.47 | 0.777 | 0.81 | 0.49, 1.33 | 0.402 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.44 | 0.86, 2.40 | 0.163 | 1.31 | 0.79, 2.19 | 0.298 | |||
| BMI | 0.97 | 0.94, ~1.00 | 0.008 | 0.96 | 0.93, 0.99 | 0.0185 | |||
| GOLD I–V stage | |||||||||
| GOLD 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| GOLD 2 | 1.54 | 0.45, 5.33 | 0.490 | 1.45 | 0.42, 5.00 | 0.557 | |||
| GOLD 3 | 2.31 | 0.68, 7.87 | 0.179 | 2.12 | 0.62, 7.23 | 0.227 | |||
| GOLD 4 | 4.07 | 1.18, 14.1 | 0.0269 | 4.02 | 1.16, 13.9 | 0.0282 | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.81 | 1.04, 3.14 | 0.0345 | ||||||
| Statin use * Cardiovascular disease | 1.03 | 0.49, 2.19 | 0.992 | ||||||
Note: The analysis was stratified for age, sex and smoking status.
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease severity staging.