Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) (in parentheses) of frailty indexes, self-reported ability to walk 400 m and self-rated health for institutionalization during the 18-year follow-up
| Non-institutionalized n (%) | Institutionalized n (%) | Deceased n (%) | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusteda HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FRAIL scale (n = 1087) | |||||||
| Robust (n = 710) | 221 (31) | 185 (26) | 304 (43) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Pre-frail (n = 350) | 61 (17) | 126 (36) | 163 (47) | 1.56 (1.24–1.96) | < .001 | 1.22 (0.96–1.55) | .110 |
| Frail (n = 27) | 0 (0) | 9 (33) | 18 (67) | 1.50 (0.72–3.09) | .278 | 0.82 (0.37–1.81) | .629 |
| Frailty index (n = 1061) | |||||||
| Robust (n = 197) | 73 (37) | 36 (18) | 88 (45) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Pre-frail (n = 596) | 192 (32) | 159 (27) | 245 (41) | 1.56 (1.10–2.21) | .013 | 1.38 (0.98–1.97) | .068 |
| Frail (n = 268) | 11 (4) | 114 (43) | 143 (53) | 3.08 (2.13–4.46) | < .001 | 2.00 (1.34–2.97) | < .001 |
| PRISMA-7 (n = 1055) | |||||||
| Robust (n = 860) | 278 (32) | 228 (27) | 354 (41) | 1 | |||
| Frail (n = 195) | 6 (3) | 82 (42) | 107 (55) | 2.03 (1.55–2.66) | < .001 | ||
|
Self-reported ability to walk 400 m (n = 1101) | |||||||
| Yes (n = 1011) | 284 (28) | 285 (28) | 442 (44) | 1 | 1 | ||
| No (n = 90) | 0 (0) | 42 (47) | 48 (53) | 2.31 (1.59–3.36) | < .001 | 1.28 (0.82–2.01) | .305 |
| Self-rated health (n = 1105) | |||||||
| Good (n = 446) | 143 (32) | 128 (29) | 175 (39) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Moderate (n = 500) | 133 (27) | 136 (27) | 231 (46) | 0.96 (0.76‒1.22) | .75 | 0.91 (0.72‒1.16) | .461 |
| Poor (n = 159) | 10 (6) | 64 (40) | 85 (53) | 1.65 (1.21‒2.25) | .002 | 1.29 (0.92‒1.81) | .137 |
aValues are adjusted for age and gender (items included in PRISMA-7)