Table 2.

Averaged and standard deviation value of the lognormal parameters for young and older groups (parameter with statistically significant difference in italic)

	Formant estimation method
	“To formant (keep all)”			“To formant (sl)”
Parameter	Young (20–30)	Older (60–80)	p value	Young (20–30)	Older (60–80)	p value
$\overline{\mathrm{\Delta }{t}_{\text{o}}}$	0.066 ± 0.008	0.068 ± 0.008	< 0.001	0.067 ± 0.007	0.07 ± 0.007	< 0.001
NbLog	25 ± 6.03	33 ± 9.48	< 0.001	24 ± 6.2	34 ± 9.4	< 0.001
$\overline{\sigma }$	0.12 ± 0.04	0.12 ± 0.03	0.22	0.14 ± 0.05	0.13 ± 0.04	0.0623
$\overline{\mu }$	− 1.55 ± 0.16	− 1.52 ± 0.14	0.16	− 1.6 ± 0.17	− 1.56 ± 0.14	< 0.001
$\overline{V_{\text{p}}}$	23.17 ± 4.3	23.84 ± 5	0.06	14.2 ± 2.19	13.87 ± 2.1	0.055
$\overline{D}$	1.22 ± 0.22	1.24 ± 0.24	0.23	0.8 ± 0.12	0.78 ± 0.04	0.14
SNR	19.95 ± 3.4	19.23 ± 3.7	< 0.001	18.27 ± 3.58	17.55 ± 3.54	0.002