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. 2021 Feb 24;12:642470. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.642470

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Copyright © 2021 Lai and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The cascade of arachidonic acid (AA). AA is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid which is released from the membrane phospholipids in the presence of phospholipase a2 (cPLA2). AA can be metabolized to eicosanoids through three major pathways: the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway. In the CYP pathway, AA is converted to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) by CYP epoxygenases and CYP ω-hydroxylases. Following, EETs can be hydrated in vivo to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH).