Fig. 5. Molecular clock dating reveals early and repeated emergence of extant hospital-associated (HA) E. faecalis Population Partitioning Using Nucleotide K-mers (PopPUNK; PP)¹⁹ clusters.

a PP2 (n = 189). b PP6 (n = 97). c PP18 (n = 31). Dated maximum clade credibility trees were estimated based on median values from Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis by Sampling Trees (BEAST2) v.2.5.0^83–85 using strict clock model and constant tree. Blue error bars represent the 95% highest probability density (HPD) intervals of median tree heights. The time scale is shown in years. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.