Table 1.
ECM components and mechanical biological coupling pathway.
| ECM components | Receptor protein | Signal pathway | Cell model | Animal model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collagen | β1 integrin | integrin-FAK-PI3K-Akt | Ha-ras human MCF10AT MECs | NOD/SCID mice | Matrix Crosslinking Forces Tumor Progression by Enhancing Integrin Signaling (3) |
| Collagen type I | β1 integrin | integrin–N-cadherin | astrocytes | female C57BL/6J mice | Interaction of reactive astrocytes with type I collagen induces astrocytic scar formation through the integrin– N-cadherin pathway after spinal cord injury (14) |
| Collagen type I | β1 integrin | integrin-FAK-YAP | Repairing Epithelium | C57BL/6J mice | YAP/TAZ-Dependent Reprogramming of Colonic Epithelium Links ECM Remodeling to Tissue Regeneration (15) |
| Collagen type I | CD44 | CD44-RhoA-YAP | fibroblasts | Male C57BL/6 mice | Targeting Mechanics-Induced Fibroblast Activation through CD44-RhoA-YAP Pathway Ameliorates Crystalline Silica-Induced Silicosis (16) |
| Collagen type V | αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins |
NA | cardiac fibroblast | Murine models | Type V Collagen in Scar Tissue Regulates the Size of Scar after Heart Injury (13) |
| HA | CD44 | CD44-ERM-actin cytoskeleton | human kidney cell line 293 | NA | CD44 is required for two consecutive steps in HGF/c-Met signaling (17) |
| HA | CD44 | CD44-AFAP-110-actin cytoskeleton | MDA-MB-231 cells | NA | Interaction of Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan with CD44 and Toll-Like Receptors Promotes the Actin Filament-Associated Protein 110-Actin Binding and MyD88-NFjB Signaling Leading to Proinflammatory Cytokine/Chemokine Production and Breast Tumor Invasion (18) |
| HA | CD44 | CD44-Rho GTPases | hippocampal neurons | Wistar rats postnatal day 0 | CD44 - a novel synaptic cell adhesion molecule regulating structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines (19) |
| HA | CD44 | CD44-ERM-cytoskeleton | macrophage | female C57Bl/6 mice | Transmembrane pickets connect cyto-and pericellular-skeletons forming barriers to receptor engagement (20) |
| HA | NA | RTK-ZFP36-TXNIP/ MYC-TXNIP |
LiSa-2 liposarcoma cells | White SCID (Beige) mice | Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Regulates Glucose Metabolism through TXNIP Destabilization (21) |
| NA | β1 integrin | integrin-GSK3β-β Catenin | Huh7 cells | NA | Higher Matrix Stiffness Upregulates Osteopontin Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Mediated by Integrin β1/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway (22) |
| NA | E cadherin | E cadherin-LKB1-AMPK | MCF10A/MDCK II | NA | Linking E-cadherin mechanotransduction to cell metabolism through force mediated activation of AMPK (23) |
In different cells or animal models, extracellular matrix components combine with their receptors and affect different downstream signaling pathways. HA, hyaluronic acid. NA, not available.