TABLE 1.
Trends in baseline characteristics for atrial fibrillation hospitalizations in the setting of coexisting diabetes mellitus
| Baseline characteristics | 2004–2006 (weighted n = 208 042) | 2007–2008 (weighted n = 180 042) | 2009–2010 (weighted n = 211 419) | 2011–2012 (weighted n = 239 256) | 2013–2014 (weighted n = 236 195) | Overall (weighted n = 1 075 770) | p‐Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SE) | 70.5 (0.08) | 70.3 (0.09) | 70.5 (0.10) | 70.5 (0.08) | 70.3 (0.06) | 70.3 (0.04) | .99 |
| Female (%) | 53.0 | 52.1 | 51.9 | 51.6 | 50.5 | 51.8 | <.001 |
| Age group (%) | |||||||
| 18–44 years | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | .01 |
| 45–64 years | 27.7 | 27.9 | 28.0 | 27.7 | 28.0 | 27.9 | .59 |
| 65–74 years | 28.9 | 29.3 | 29.7 | 30.2 | 31.1 | 29.9 | <.001 |
| ≥75 years | 41.3 | 40.4 | 40.2 | 40.0 | 38.9 | 40.1 | <.001 |
| Race (%) | |||||||
| White | 57.6 | 59.8 | 67.4 | 72.5 | 74.6 | 66.8 | <.001 |
| Black | 6.8 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 8.2 | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 5.4 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.2 | <.001 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | .001 |
| Native American | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | .25 |
| Others | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | .002 |
| SES (%) | |||||||
| Quartile 1 | 28.1 | 28.1 | 28.0 | 30.1 | 29.9 | 28.9 | .003 |
| Quartile 2 | 27.3 | 28.4 | 28.2 | 26.3 | 28.7 | 27.8 | <.001 |
| Quartile 3 | 23.8 | 24.0 | 24.6 | 24.5 | 23.3 | 24.0 | .63 |
| Quartile 4 | 20.8 | 19.5 | 19.2 | 19.1 | 18.1 | 19.3 | .002 |
| Primary payer (%) | |||||||
| Medicare | 70.1 | 68.5 | 68.5 | 70.9 | 70.8 | 69.9 | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 4.5 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 4.9 | <.001 |
| Private insurance | 21.1 | 22.6 | 21.6 | 19.5 | 18.7 | 20.7 | <.001 |
| Self pay/uninsured | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | .20 |
| AHRQ comorbidity measure | |||||||
| AIDS (%) | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | .91 |
| Alcohol abuse (%) | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.7 | <.001 |
| Deficiency anemias (%) | 10.9 | 13.7 | 15.4 | 17.3 | 17.5 | 15.1 | <.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/Collagen vascular diseases (%) | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.4 | <.001 |
| Chronic blood loss anemia (%) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | .10 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | .15 |
| COPD (%) | 21.8 | 22.8 | 24.2 | 25.8 | 26.8 | 24.4 | <.001 |
| Coagulopathy (%) | 2.2 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.2 | <.001 |
| Depression (%) | 6.0 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 8.5 | <.001 |
| Diabetes, uncomplicated (%) | 87.5 | 83.5 | 83.1 | 81.7 | 80.8 | 83.2 | <.001 |
| Diabetes with chronic complications (%) | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.6 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 11.2 | <.001 |
| Drug abuse (%) | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.9 | <.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 69.8 | 73.4 | 76.7 | 79.4 | 80.7 | 76.3 | <.001 |
| Hypothyroidism (%) | 12.7 | 14.6 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 17.3 | 15.6 | <.001 |
| Liver disease (%) | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.8 | <.001 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders (%) | 15.7 | 17.8 | 20.0 | 22.2 | 24.7 | 20.3 | <.001 |
| Other neurological disorders (%) | 4.0 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.4 | <.001 |
| Obesity (%) | 13.5 | 18.5 | 21.3 | 25.0 | 28.1 | 21.6 | <.001 |
| Paralysis (%) | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .12 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 7.0 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 8.4 | <.001 |
| Psychoses (%) | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 | <.001 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders (%) | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | <.001 |
| Renal failure (%) | 10.4 | 15.4 | 18.2 | 21.2 | 22.7 | 17.9 | <.001 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis (%) | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | .07 |
| Valvular disease (%) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .16 |
| Weight loss (%) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.8 | <.001 |
| CCI, mean (SE) | 2.0 (0.01) | 2.2 (0.01) | 2.3 (0.01) | 2.4 (0.01) | 2.5 (0.01) | 2.29 (0.004) | <.001 |
| Hospital location and teaching status | |||||||
| Rural | 16.6 | 15.7 | 15.4 | 14.6 | 13.2 | 15.0 | <.001 |
| Urban non‐teaching | 46.0 | 45.2 | 45.6 | 42.3 | 34.7 | 42.5 | <.001 |
| Urban teaching | 37.5 | 39.1 | 39.0 | 43.1 | 52.0 | 42.5 | <.001 |
| Hospital Region | |||||||
| Northeast | 20.8 | 19.1 | 20.5 | 19.6 | 19.0 | 19.8 | .06 |
| Midwest | 25.4 | 26.1 | 25.7 | 24.5 | 24.9 | 25.3 | .14 |
| South | 39.7 | 40.1 | 39.2 | 41.0 | 41.4 | 40.3 | .04 |
| West | 14.1 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 14.7 | 14.6 | .26 |
Abbreviations: AHRQ, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; CCI, chronic condition, indicator.