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. 2021 Feb 24;10:627701. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.627701

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Copyright © 2021 Malik, Thanekar, Amarachintha, Mourya, Nalluri, Bondoc and Shivakumar

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dysregulated expressions of complement components orchestrate the pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Breakdown of the tightly controlled activation and regulatory component signals of the complement system results in dysregulation of the normal homeostatic cellular processes within the liver microenvironment. Increased levels of C1q, C3, C5, C4BP, CD46, CD59, and MASP2 and decreased levels of C2, C4, C8A, CR1, MBL2, CFH, CFHR3, and CFHL1 with potential immunoregulatory functions contribute to increased cell proliferation, metastasis, EMT, altered immune cell functions, etc. resulting in recurrent episodes and/or poor overall or disease-free survival in patients with HCC. Images from Motifolio drawing toolkit software (http://motifolio.com) were used for rendering the figure.