Table 1.

Adverse events associated with systemic and surgical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment approaches.

Therapeutic approach	Target	Adverse events
SYSTEMIC TREATMENT: 1) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Sorafenib, Lenvatinib, Regorafenib, Cabozantinib, Imatinib	PDGFR, FLT3 VEGFR 1-3, FGFR 1-4, PDGFA, Tyrosine kinase receptor, VEGF, MET, AXT, RET, TYRO3, MER- ABL, BCR-ABL, c-KIT	Diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, decreased appetite and weight loss, fatigue, hypothyroidism.
2) Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Durvalumab, Atezolizumab, Tremelimumab, Iplimumab	PD-1 Ab PD-L1 Ab CTLA-4 Ab	Skin rash, fatigue, diarrhea, pruritis, decreased appetite and weight loss, joints and musculoskeletal pain, constipation, dyspnea.
SURGICAL TREATMENT: 3) Surgical approach: Liver resection Liver Transplantation	Surgical resection of liver tumor and/or liver transplantation	Pain, fatigue, hypovolemic shock, risk of intrahepatic recurrence, high mortality rate, hepatic failure.
4) Locoregional therapy: Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) Radioembolization Cryotherapy	Tumor targeted therapies	Liver failure, thoracic complications, bile duct injury, intraperitoneal bleeding, hepatic abscess, gastrointestinal perforation, tumor seeding, nausea, pain, fever, loss of appetite, hair loss, low white blood cells and platelets counts, ascites, obstructive jaundice, portal hypertension, radiation pneumonitis, hepatic dysfunction, vascular injury, hematoma, hepatic decompensation.