Table 2.
Prevalence (%) of suicidal ideation stratified by sampling clusters during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Male (%) (95% CI) | Female (%) (95% CI) | Total (%) (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 19.1(18.7–19.6) | 14.0(13.6–14.4) | 16.4(16.2–16.8) |
| Age (years) | |||
| 18–24 | 26.3(24.3–28.3) | 22.4(20.2–24.7) | 24.7(23.2–26.2) |
| 25–34 | 22.3(21.5–23.1) | 15.8(15.2–16.5) | 18.7(18.2–19.2) |
| 35–44 | 17.2(16.6–18.0) | 12.1(11.5–12.7) | 14.7(14.2–15.2) |
| ≥45 | 13.1(12.1–14.2) | 10.7(9.9–11.7) | 11.9(11.2–12.6) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Living area | |||
| Urban | 18.9(18.4–19.4) | 13.7(13.4–14.2) | 16.2(15.9–16.5) |
| Rural | 22.9(21.0–24.9) | 17.1(15.5–18.8) | 19.8(18.6–21.1) |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Geographical region in China | |||
| Eastern | 18.9(18.2–19.6) | 13.5(12.9–14.2) | 16.1(15.6–16.6) |
| Northern | 18.8(17.7–20.0) | 13.2(12.3–14.1) | 15.7(15.0–16.4) |
| Northwest | 19.8(18.0–21.8) | 16.3(13.4–19.9) | 19.0(17.0–21.2) |
| Northeast | 20.7(18.0–23.7) | 15.7(14.3–17.3) | 17.5(16.4–18.8) |
| Central | 20.7(19.2–22.4) | 14.4(13.0–15.9) | 17.9(16.8–19.0) |
| Southern | 14.3(13.4–15.3) | 14.3(13.4–15.3) | 16.3(15.6–17.1) |
| Southwest | 18.6(16.8–20.5) | 15.2(13.4–17.2) | 17.0(15.7–18.4) |
| p | 0.251 | 0.015 | 0.001 |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 18.1(17.5–18.6) | 13.4(13.0–13.8) | 15.5(15.2–15.9) |
| Separated/divorced | 18.1(14.9–21.8) | 13.5(11.2–16.1) | 15.3(13.4–17.4) |
| Never married | 22.4(21.4–23.4) | 16.8(15.8–17.9) | 20.0(19.3–20.7) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Educational level | |||
| Middle school and lower | 21.9(20.6–23.2) | 16.3(15.3–17.3) | 18.6(17.9–19.5) |
| College and higher | 18.7(18.2–19.2) | 13.5(13.0–13.9) | 16.0(15.7–16.3) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Monthly family income (¥) | |||
| <5,000 | 24.9(23.8–26.1) | 18.3(17.5–19.2) | 21.1(20.4–21.9) |
| 5,000–7,999 | 20.8(19.8–21.8) | 15.0(14.2–15.9) | 17.8(17.2–18.5) |
| 8,000–11,999 | 18.3(17.4–19.3) | 12.6(11.8–13.5) | 15.4(14.8–16.1) |
| ≥12,000 | 14.8(14.0–15.5) | 10.3(9.7–11.0) | 12.6(12.1–13.1) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| History of mental disorders | |||
| No | 18.8(18.4–19.3) | 13.8(13.4–14.2) | 16.2(15.9–16.5) |
| Unknown | 45.0(38.4–51.8) | 36.6(29.3–44.6) | 41.5(36.5–46.6) |
| Yes | 51.1(40.4–61.7) | 29.6(19.6–41.8) | 41.6(34.0–49.6) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Family history of mental disorders | |||
| No | 18.9(18.5–19.4) | 13.8(13.4–14.2) | 16.2(16.0–16.6) |
| Unknown | 35.9(30.7–41.4) | 28.8(23.7–34.5) | 32.6(28.9–36.5) |
| Yes | 21.1(15.8–27.6) | 17.8(12.8–24.0) | 19.4(15.7–23.8) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| History of sleep problems | |||
| No | 16.8(16.3–17.4) | 12.2(11.7–12.6) | 14.4(14.1–14.8) |
| Yes | 25.3(24.3–26.3) | 18.4(17.6–19.2) | 21.6(21.0–22.2) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Have you suspected or confirmed been infected during the COVID-19 pandemic? | |||
| No | 19.0(18.6–19.5) | 13.9(13.5–14.3) | 16.4(16.1–16.7) |
| Yes | 66.7(54.2–77.3) | 54.8(36.3–72.2) | 63.0(52.7–72.3) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Have you been to the most severely COVID-19 affected region recently? | |||
| No | 18.7(18.2–19.2) | 13.8(13.4–14.2) | 16.1(15.8–16.4) |
| Yes, I remain at the region | 26.7(24.3–29.2) | 17.8(15.6–20.2) | 22.6(20.9–24.3) |
| Yes, I have left the region | 32.0(25.2–39.6) | 16.2(11.2–22.7) | 24.1(19.7–29.0) |
| p | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Have you ever experienced quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic? | |||
| No | 17.8(17.2–18.3) | 12.9(12.5–13.4) | 15.2(14.9–15.6) |
| Yes, quarantine duration <14 days | 27.3(24.7–30.0) | 20.8(18.4–23.4) | 24.1(22.4–26.0) |
| Yes, quarantine duration ≥14 days | 21.6(20.7–22.6) | 16.1(15.2–16.9) | 18.7(18.1–19.4) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Have you experienced the COVID-19 induced unemployment? | |||
| No | 18.5(18.0–19.0) | 13.4(13.0–13.8) | 15.9(15.6–16.2) |
| Yes | 35.7(32.7–38.8) | 28.5(25.8–31.2) | 31.9(29.9–33.9) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Did you participate in frontline work? | |||
| No | 18.6(18.0–19.1) | 13.7(13.3–14.1) | 15.9(15.6–16.2) |
| Yes | 21.3(20.2–22.4) | 16.0(14.9–17.2) | 19.2(18.4–20.0) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Have you got more access to psychological knowledge after the COVID-19 pandemic? | |||
| No | 19.7(19.2–20.3) | 14.5(14.1–15.0) | 17.1(16.7–17.4) |
| Yes | 16.3(15.3–17.4) | 12.0(11.2–12.9) | 13.8(13.2–14.5) |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |