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. 2021 Jan 20;11:598175. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598175

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Copyright © 2021 Ge, Chen, Zhao and Yuan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The endosome escaping mechanism of lipid-based nanoparticles lipoplex for delivery of siRNA. Step 1. Cell attachment and uptake. Step 2. Trapped in endosome. Step 3. Formation of ion-pair between cationic lipid from lipoplex and membrane lipid. Endosome membrane destabilizes due to the formation of the inverted hexagonal phase (HII) which may provide possibility for siRNA releasing. Step 4. Releasing of nucleic acid to cytoplasm and inducing related gene silencing effect (Tang et al., 2018).