TABLE 1.

Flavonoids with angiogenic regulation.

Source	Bioactive ingredient	Efficacy	Dose	Experimental model	Mechanism	Ref
Pueraria edulis Pampan	Puerarin glycoside	Antitumour	100 μg ml−1, 10 g kg−1	Cell migration and lumen formation	Inhibition of lumen formation of HUVECS	Li et al., 2018, Du et al., 1994
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch	Isoliquiritigenin	Antitumour	10 mg kg−1	Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model	1.Elimination of reactive oxygen (ROS) production and induction of apoptosis in human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1)	Wang et al., 2015c
					2.Inhibition of COX-2, mPGES-1 and CYP4A by isoliquiritigenin blocks the angiogenic Akt signaling in glioma through ceRNA effect of miR-194–5p and lncRNA NEAT1	Wang et al., 2019a
Various fruits and vegetables	Quercetin	Inhibition of retinal and choroidal angiogenesis	—	Cell migration and lumen formation	It inhibits autophagy	Li et al., 2019b
Epimedium brevicornu Maxim	Icaritin	Inhibition HUVECs angiogenesis	10−6 mol ml−1	Cell migration and lumen formation	Decrease the VEGF activity and inhibit the synthesis of vascular endothelial cells, increase the PEDF activity and promote its synthesis	Lv et al., 2014
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban	Hispidulin	Antitumour	—	Cell migration and lumen formation	Inhibition of angiogenesis by inhibition of VEGFR2 mediated PI3K/aktmtor signaling pathway	He, 2011
A variety of plants	Apigenin	Antitumour	—	Cell migration and lumen formation	Down regulate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1a) by inhibiting the binding of HSP90 and HIF-1a in ovarian cancer	Fang et al., 2007
Glycine max (L.) Merr	Soybean isoflavone	1.Antitumour 2.Inhibition of angiogenesis in transplanted hepatoma	—	Animal model of transplanted tumor	1.Inhibition of angiogenesis 2.Down regulation of VEGF and transforming growth factor-β (TGF - β) 1 protein expression in transplanted tumor	He et al., 2003 Zheng et al., 2018
Glycine max (L.) Merr	Genistein	Treatment of breast cancer	—	—	By down regulating the expression of VEGF, it can inhibit the angiogenesis of breast cancer with high expression of HER-2/neu gene. The inhibition of angiogenesis is related to the inhibition of the signal transduction pathway of tylosin kinase membrane receptor tyrosine protein kinase (TPK)	Yu et al., 2003
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus	Total flavone of Abelmoschl Manihot Lmedi (TFA)	Protect the ischemic injury of heart and brain and promote angiogenesis	10 g ml−1	Animal model of transplanted tumor	Promoting angiogenesis	Pan and Jiang, 2010
Morus alba L	Cortex Mori flavone extracts	Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD)	1.0 g kg −1	Model of type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease	Inhibition of VEGF and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) mRNA expression in liver	Qin et al., 2017
Myrica rubra Siebold et Zuccarini	Dihydromyricetin	Antitumour	30 mg kg−1	Animal model of transplanted tumor	By inhibiting ERK/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathway, it can inhibit angiogenesis	Wen et al., 2020
	Myricetin	Antitumour			And Akt/p70s6khif-1 α/VEGF protein expression	Huang 2015
	Koryo curcumin	Antitumour
	kaempferol	Antitumour
Glycine max (L.) Merr	Daidzein	Antitumour	—	—	Inhibition of angiogenesis	Kang et al., 2015
Alpinia officinarum Hance	Koryo curcumin	Antitumour and antithrombotic	20 mg·(kg·d)−1 40 mg·(kg·d)−1	Implanted tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice	Inhibition of angiogenesis	Hua et al., 2017
Myrica rubra Siebold et Zuccarini	Anthocyanidin Genistein	Antitumour Antitumour	—	—	Inhibition of basic MCP1 and NF-kB transcription significantly reduces angiogenesis in vivo	Bagchi et al., 2003; Feng et al., 2014a Fotsis et al., 1995
Glycine max (L.) Merr	Genistein	Antitumour	—	—	Affect the expression of VEGF and inhibit angiogenesis	Xing et al., 2014 Yang et al., 2009 Huang et al., 2007
	6-methoxyequol (6-ME)	Antitumour	5 μmol L −1	Cell migration assay	Inhibition of VEGF and FGF2 induced ECs proliferation	Sofia et al., 2012
Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf	Poncirin	Antitumour and inhibit angiogenesis	12.5 μmol L −1 25 μmol L −1	Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model	Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation and decrease of VEGF expression in tumour cells	Li et al., 2016