Table 2. Univariate analysis of profile of children with advanced heart failure supported with VAD stratified according to outcome.
| Variable | Children who had myocardial recovery (n=25) | Children supported with VAD as a bridge to heart transplant (n=78) | Children who died on VAD (n=45) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age mean (median, IQR), years | 3.4±3.0 (0.91, 0.058–16.3) | 7.8±6.0 (7.2, 2.6–11.8) | 6.8±2.6 (4.9, 0.01–17.8) | 0.002 |
| Age groups, n (%), years | 0.066 | |||
| 0–1 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 0.026 |
| >1–5 | 8 | 15 | 7 | 0.228 |
| >5–10 | 1 | 11 | 6 | 0.307 |
| >10–15 | 3 | 20 | 11 | 0.308 |
| >15 | 1 | 18 | 6 | 0.148 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 15 | 33 | 17 | 0.183 |
| Male | 10 | 45 | 28 | |
| Diagnosis | <0.001 | |||
| DCMP | 7 | 56 | 13 | <0.000 |
| Non-compaction CMP | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.084 |
| Myocarditis | 11 | 14 | 8 | 0.074 |
| Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.084 |
| Post correction of CHD | 1 | 5 | 23 | 0.084 |
| Ischemic heart failure | 3 | 2 | – | <0.001 |
| Tumour | – | 1 | – | 0.084 |
| Graft failure | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.637 |
| Mean duration of HF pre-VAD implantation (median, range) | 59.4±3 [13, 1–480] days | 2.24±0.21 (0.67, 1 day – 10 years) | 2.37±0.58 (0.33, 1 day – 14 years) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac arrest, n | 7 | 15 | 27 | <0.001 |
| ECMO, n | 2 | 7 | 7 | 0.56 |
| Mean duration of ECMO support (median, range), days | Range 6–19 | 10.2±5.7 [5, 2–31] | 12.0±3.8 [5, 2–57] | 0.568 |
| Type of support | 0.324 | |||
| LVAD | 19 | 51 | 21 | 0.711 |
| RVAD | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.267 |
| BVAD | 6 | 27 | 22 | 0.566 |
| Mean duration of VAD support (median, range interquartile range), days | 77.8±18.3 [42, 7–700, 15–81] | 133.3±91.6 [59, 23–138, 20–133] | 54.0±15.0 [5, 1–591, 2–43] | <0.001 |
These italic P values are the sum P values of the ages and of the type of VAD support. VAD, ventricular assist device.