Table 1. Univariate analyses of demographics and baseline characteristics in the derivation cohort.
| Characteristics | Non-PHLF (N=458) | ISGLS-PHLF (N=622) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (female) | 218 (47.60) | 164 (26.37) | <0.0001 |
| Age | 50.50 (43.00, 59.00) | 52.00 (45.00, 60.00) | 0.0249 |
| Blood type | 0.6208 | ||
| A | 154 (33.62) | 193 (31.03) | |
| B | 122 (26.64) | 168 (27.01) | |
| AB | 40 (8.73) | 75 (12.06) | |
| O | 142 (31.00) | 186 (29.90) | |
| BMI | 22.48 (20.55, 24.91) | 22.77 (20.70, 24.90) | 0.4644 |
| Diabetes | 5 (1.09) | 9 (1.45) | 0.6100 |
| Cirrhosis | 70 (15.28) | 132 (21.22) | 0.0134 |
| A long history of heavy drinking | 57 (12.45) | 124 (19.94) | 0.0011 |
| History of chemotherapy before hepatectomy | 0.7305 | ||
| No | 419 (91.48) | 561 (90.19) | |
| TAE | 32 (6.99) | 55 (8.84) | |
| Systemic chemotherapy | 7 (1.53) | 6 (0.96) | |
| Preoperative ascites | 0.6004 | ||
| No | 430 (93.89) | 579 (93.09) | |
| Mild | 28 (6.11) | 43 (6.91) | |
| Moderate to severe | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Preoperative serum hemoglobin level (<130 g/L) | 223 (48.69) | 207 (33.28) | <0.0001 |
| Preoperative serum white blood cell count (×109/L) | 5.69 (4.50, 6.93) | 5.39 (4.42, 6.67) | 0.1167 |
| Preoperative serum platelet count (×109/L) | 200.50 (161.00, 256.00) | 181.00 (139.00, 238.00) | <0.0001 |
| Preoperative serum lymphocyte count (×109/L) | 1.53 (1.23, 1.89) | 1.45 (1.15, 1.83) | 0.0316 |
| Preoperative serum neutrophil count (×109/L) | 3.40 (2.57, 4.67) | 3.35 (2.61, 4.36) | 0.2056 |
| Preoperative serum creatinine level (umol/L) | 62.00 (53.00, 73.00) | 65.00 (56.00, 74.00) | 0.0109 |
| Preoperative serum Na+ level (mmol/L) | 142.00 (140.00, 143.00) | 141.00 (140.00, 143.00) | 0.3057 |
| Preoperative serum K+ level (mmol/L) | 4.11 (3.92, 4.35) | 4.12 (3.91, 4.34) | 0.6851 |
| Preoperative serum TBIL level (umol/L) | 11.15 (8.90, 15.40) | 12.95 (9.90, 16.30) | <0.0001 |
| Preoperative serum DBIL level (umol/L) | 4.10 (3.30, 5.90) | 5.00 (3.80, 6.50) | <0.0001 |
| Preoperative serum IBIL level (umol/L) | 7.00 (5.40, 9.30) | 7.80 (5.90, 9.80) | 0.0039 |
| Preoperative serum TBA level (umol/mL) | 0.0009 | ||
| <2.7 | 74 (16.16) | 92 (14.79) | |
| 2.7–5.4 | 159 (34.72) | 157 (25.24) | |
| ≥5.4 | 225 (49.13) | 373 (59.97) | |
| Preoperative serum ALT level (≥50 U/L) | 72 (15.72) | 158 (25.40) | 0.0001 |
| Preoperative serum AST level (≥40 U/L) | 126 (27.51) | 263 (42.28) | <0.0001 |
| Preoperative serum LDH level (≥250 U/L) | 66 (14.41) | 98 (15.76) | 0.5427 |
| Preoperative serum GGT level (U/L) | <0.0001 | ||
| <60 | 181 (39.52) | 170 (27.33) | |
| 60–180 | 187 (40.83) | 254 (40.84) | |
| ≥180 | 90 (19.65) | 198 (31.83) | |
| Preoperative serum TP level (g/L) | 70.40 (66.70, 74.60) | 69.70 (65.90, 73.20) | 0.0175 |
| Preoperative serum ALB level (g/L) | 42.00 (39.20, 44.30) | 41.25 (38.90, 43.60) | 0.0165 |
| Preoperative serum GLB level (g/L) | 28.10 (25.40, 32.00) | 28.10 (25.30, 31.00) | 0.4414 |
| Preoperative serum pALB level (g/L) | 228.00 (170.00, 278.00) | 219.00 (166.00, 268.00) | 0.2304 |
| Preoperative serum fibrinogen concentration (g/L) | 2.87 (2.29, 3.80) | 2.76 (2.24, 3.52) | 0.0467 |
| APTT (s) | 26.70 (24.60, 29.70) | 27.50 (25.10, 30.30) | 0.0074 |
| TT (s) | 19.00 (18.10, 19.90) | 19.30 (18.40, 20.20) | <0.0001 |
| PT (s) | 11.40 (10.80, 12.20) | 11.50 (11.00, 12.30) | 0.0798 |
| INR | 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | 0.0461 |
| Child-Pugh grade | 0.9385 | ||
| Grade A | 454 (99.13) | 618 (99.36) | |
| Grade B | 4 (0.87) | 4 (0.64) | |
| HCV-Ab (positive) | 6 (1.31) | 9 (1.45) | 0.8493 |
| HBs-Ag (positive) | 190 (41.48) | 360 (57.88) | <0.0001 |
| HBs-Ab (positive) | 166 (36.24) | 172 (27.65) | 0.0026 |
| HBe-Ag (positive) | 31 (6.77) | 92 (14.79) | <0.0001 |
| HBe-Ab (positive) | 246 (53.71) | 380 (61.09) | 0.0152 |
| HBc-Ab (positive) | 369 (80.57) | 549 (88.26) | 0.0005 |
| Liver segment count excised | <0.0001 | ||
| 3 | 288 (62.88) | 261 (41.96) | |
| 3+ | 45 (9.83) | 50 (8.04) | |
| 4 | 99 (21.62) | 219 (35.21) | |
| 4+ | 18 (3.93) | 64 (10.29) | |
| ≥5 | 8 (1.75) | 28 (4.50) | |
| The segment of liver planned for resection has atrophied (yes) | 124 (27.07) | 124 (19.94) | 0.0058 |
| The planned reserved segment of the liver has developed compensatory hyperplasia (yes) | 21 (4.59) | 32 (5.14) | 0.6740 |
| Pathological diagnostic classification | <0.0001 | ||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 172 (37.55) | 363 (58.36) | |
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 106 (23.14) | 98 (15.76) | |
| Hepatic hemangioma | 24 (5.24) | 24 (3.86) | |
| Intrahepatic cholelithiasis | 115 (25.11) | 98 (15.76) | |
| Metastatic hepatoma | 11 (2.40) | 12 (1.93) | |
| Other space-occupying diseases of the liver and biliary system | 30 (6.55) | 27 (4.34) |
Data are shown as n (%) or median (range). Na+, sodium; K+, potassium; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; IBIL, indirect bilirubin; TBA, total bile acid; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartic acid transferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; GLB, globulin; pALB, prealbumin; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin; TT, thrombin time; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international standardized ratio; HCV-Ab, hepatitis C antibody; HBs-Ag, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBs-Ab, hepatitis B surface antibody; HBe-Ag, hepatitis B e antigen; HBe-Ab, hepatitis B e antibody; HBc-Ab, hepatitis B core antibody.