Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.
| Data source | MIMIC-III | eICU | SZ2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 3,540 | 1,087 | 84 | |
| Age (years) | 65.96 (52.72, 78.33) | 67.00 (57.50, 78.00) | 67.00 (52.75, 78.25) | 0.009 |
| Length of stay in ICU (days) | 4.07 (2.18, 8.14) | 3.79 (1.96, 7.79) | 7.00 (3.00, 19.25) | <0.001 |
| SAPS II | 43.00 (33.00, 54.00) | 93.00 (73.00, 118.00) | 30.50 (20.00, 36.00) | <0.001 |
| Albumin serum (g/dL) | 3.10 (2.57, 3.60) | 2.80 (2.40, 3.27) | 2.42 (2.04, 2.86) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin serum (mg/dL) | 0.68 (0.40, 1.30) | 0.80 (0.50, 1.50) | 1.13 (0.69, 1.78) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine serum (mg/dL) | 1.15 (0.83, 1.80) | 2.07 (1.52, 3.10) | 2.85 (2.12, 3.56) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit | 32.20 (28.70, 36.34) | 32.50 (27.91, 37.69) | 33.20 (29.98, 37.75) | 0.217 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.79 (9.53, 12.25) | 10.55 (9.11, 12.25) | 11.00 (9.57, 12.30) | 0.008 |
| Platelet count | 210.00 (140.50, 289.50) | 187.17 (122.09, 251.00) | 120.00 (69.75, 196.25) | <0.001 |
| Prothrombin time (s) | 14.65 (13.40, 17.37) | 15.70 (12.90, 20.70) | 15.80 (13.90, 21.95) | <0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 25.50 (16.00, 42.00) | 36.67 (25.93, 55.54) | 13.75 (10.68, 17.50) | <0.001 |
| White blood cell (×1,000) | 12.50 (8.70, 17.44) | 12.90 (9.23, 18.00) | 14.47 (9.53, 22.86) | 0.008 |
| Red blood cell (×1,000) | 3.69 (3.21, 4.36) | 3.61 (3.10, 4.18) | 3.66 (3.27, 4.42) | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 30.50 (17.50, 67.00) | 34.00 (18.16, 98.00) | 50.00 (28.00, 109.75) | <0.001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 43.25 (25.00, 96.56) | 52.75 (25.75, 180.50) | 59.00 (33.25, 266.75) | <0.001 |
| Mechanic ventilation | 2468 (69.7) | 570 (52.4) | 56 (66.7) | <0.001 |
| Gender (male) | 1953 (55.2) | 620 (57.0) | 53 (63.1) | 0.218 |
| In-hospital death | 838 (23.7) | 388 (35.7) | – | <0.001 |
| 28-day mortality | 966 (27.3) | – | 43 (51.2) | <0.001 |
| 90-day mortality | 1,179 (33.3) | – | 48 (57.1) | <0.001 |
| Stage KDIGO | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 584 (16.5) | 368 (33.9) | 34 (40.5) | |
| 2 | 704 (19.9) | 358 (32.9) | 35 (41.7) | |
| 3 | 2,252 (63.6) | 361 (33.2) | 15 (17.9) |
Data are median (Q1–Q3), or n (%). P value: continuous variables were assessed by the Kruskal Wallis rank sum test, and count variables with a theoretical number <10 by the Fisher’s exact probability test. ICU, intensive care unit.