Table 1. Characteristics of patients with LARC in the training and validation group.
| Characteristics | Total (n=23,055) | Training group (n=15,370) | Validation group (n=7,685) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 9,229 | 40.03 | 6,138 | 39.93 | 3,091 | 40.22 | ||
| Male | 13,826 | 59.97 | 9,232 | 60.07 | 4,594 | 59.78 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| ≤60 | 9,650 | 41.86 | 6,403 | 41.66 | 3,247 | 42.25 | ||
| 61–70 | 5,710 | 24.77 | 3,839 | 24.98 | 1,871 | 24.35 | ||
| >70 | 7,695 | 33.38 | 5,128 | 33.36 | 2,567 | 33.40 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 13,269 | 57.55 | 8,845 | 57.55 | 4,424 | 57.57 | ||
| Unmarried/NOS | 9,786 | 42.45 | 6,525 | 42.45 | 3,261 | 42.43 | ||
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 18,811 | 81.59 | 12,534 | 81.55 | 6,277 | 81.68 | ||
| Black | 1,961 | 8.51 | 1,325 | 8.62 | 636 | 8.28 | ||
| Other/NOS | 2,283 | 9.90 | 1,511 | 9.83 | 772 | 10.05 | ||
| Pathological grade | ||||||||
| I | 1,398 | 6.06 | 947 | 6.16 | 451 | 5.87 | ||
| II | 15,861 | 68.80 | 10,570 | 68.77 | 5,291 | 68.85 | ||
| III | 3,452 | 14.97 | 2,303 | 14.98 | 1,149 | 14.95 | ||
| IV | 281 | 1.22 | 179 | 1.16 | 102 | 1.33 | ||
| Unknown | 2,063 | 8.95 | 1,371 | 8.92 | 692 | 9.00 | ||
| Histologic type | ||||||||
| Adenocarcinomas | 21,083 | 91.45 | 14,073 | 91.56 | 7,010 | 91.22 | ||
| MCC/SRCC | 1,972 | 8.55 | 1,297 | 8.44 | 675 | 8.78 | ||
| T stage | ||||||||
| T1 | 772 | 3.35 | 504 | 3.28 | 268 | 3.49 | ||
| T2 | 1,768 | 7.67 | 1,161 | 7.55 | 607 | 7.90 | ||
| T3 | 18,184 | 78.87 | 12,114 | 78.82 | 6,070 | 78.99 | ||
| T4 | 2,331 | 10.11 | 1,591 | 10.35 | 740 | 9.63 | ||
| N stage | ||||||||
| N0 | 10,506 | 45.57 | 6,965 | 45.32 | 3,541 | 46.08 | ||
| N1 | 8,903 | 38.62 | 5,941 | 38.65 | 2,962 | 38.54 | ||
| N2 | 3,646 | 15.81 | 2,464 | 16.03 | 1,182 | 15.38 | ||
| Surgery | ||||||||
| Yes | 20,693 | 89.75 | 13,788 | 89.71 | 6,905 | 89.85 | ||
| No | 2,362 | 10.25 | 1,582 | 10.29 | 780 | 10.15 | ||
| Radiotherapy | ||||||||
| Neoradiotherapy | 11,002 | 47.72 | 7,338 | 47.74 | 3,664 | 47.68 | ||
| Radiotherapy* | 6,139 | 26.63 | 4,102 | 26.69 | 2,037 | 26.51 | ||
| No/unknown | 5,914 | 25.65 | 3,930 | 25.57 | 1,984 | 25.82 | ||
| Chemotherapy | ||||||||
| Yes | 17,763 | 77.05 | 11,866 | 77.20 | 5,897 | 76.73 | ||
| No/unknown | 5,292 | 22.95 | 3,504 | 22.80 | 1,788 | 23.27 | ||
| RNE | ||||||||
| <3 | 4,290 | 18.61 | 2,848 | 18.53 | 1,442 | 18.76 | ||
| 3–5 | 1,697 | 7.36 | 1,116 | 7.26 | 581 | 7.56 | ||
| 6–8 | 2,375 | 10.30 | 1,579 | 10.27 | 796 | 10.36 | ||
| 9–11 | 2,799 | 12.14 | 1,831 | 11.91 | 968 | 12.60 | ||
| ≥12 | 11,642 | 50.50 | 7,832 | 50.96 | 3,810 | 49.58 | ||
| NOS | 252 | 1.09 | 164 | 1.07 | 88 | 1.15 | ||
| Tumor size (cm) | ||||||||
| ≤5 | 13,237 | 57.41 | 8,752 | 56.94 | 4,485 | 58.36 | ||
| 5–10 | 5,176 | 22.45 | 3,498 | 22.76 | 1,678 | 21.83 | ||
| >10 | 338 | 1.47 | 243 | 1.58 | 95 | 1.24 | ||
| NOS | 4,304 | 18.67 | 2,877 | 18.72 | 1,427 | 18.57 | ||
| CEA | ||||||||
| Negative | 7,813 | 33.89 | 5,191 | 33.77 | 2,622 | 34.12 | ||
| Positive | 6,119 | 26.54 | 4,149 | 26.99 | 1,970 | 25.63 | ||
| NOS | 9,123 | 39.57 | 6,030 | 39.23 | 3,093 | 40.25 | ||
| OS (months) | 69 (33 to 101) | 69 (33 to 100) | 69 (33 to 102) | |||||
| CSS (months) | 72 (37 to 104) | 72 (37 to 103) | 72 (37 to 105) | |||||
*, not neoadjuvant. MCC, mucinous cell carcinoma; SRCC, signet ring cell carcinoma; RNE, regional nodes examined; NOS, not otherwise specified.