Rating of the likelihood of pest freedom	Pest free with exceptional cases (based on the median)
Percentile of the distribution	5%	25%	Median	75%	95%
Proportion of pest‐free tubers	9,938 out of 10,000 tubers	9,966 out of 10,000 tubers	9,980 out of 10,000 tubers	9,990 out of 10,000 tubers	9,997 out of 10,000 tubers
Proportion of infested tubers	3 out of 10,000 tubers	10 out of 10,000 tubers	20 out of 10,000 tubers	34 out of 10,000 tubers	62 out of 10,000 tubers
Summary of the information used for the evaluation	Possibility that the pest could become associated with the commodity A. andina (= T. andinus) is a non‐cyst‐forming heteroderid nematode belonging to the subfamily Ataloderinae. The species is a native to South America, where it infests some important Andean crops. A. andina was first described on oca plants collected in Peru at Lake Titicaca (Golden et al. 1983). It has a wide host range and has been reported from more than 30 plant species in 12 botanical families. Among them, oca, ulluco, potato, quinoa, wild quinoa, lupine, shepherd's purse, wild turnip (B. campestris), ragwort (S. vulgaris) and wild tobacco (N. paniculata) are considered effective hosts of A. andina (Franco and Mosquera, 1993). Although the roots of ulluco plants can be heavily infested by this species, information on its economic importance is lacking (Bridge et al., 2005). On the roots of ulluco plants, A. andina is often found in association with the root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. and the false root‐knot nematode N. aberrans. According to Jatala, A. andina is considered an important nematode species on potatoes in some Andean regions of Peru, but the crop losses it causes on potatoes and other tuber crops have not been adequately quantified (Scurrah et al., 2005). Although ulluco can be attacked by A. andina,
	(chemical) control of this nematode is rarely practiced because ulluco is mainly grown on economically less important small farms (Bridge et al., 2005). A. andina is therefore not considered a major problem in the production of these crops.The main pathways of this nematode are plants for planting, including tubers, water, soil and growing media attached to farm machinery, tools and footwear. A. andina may be present on ulluco plants or other host plants in the environment (e.g. oca) and may infest the commodity primarily by human‐assisted dispersal. Measures taken against the pest and their efficacy The relevant proposed measures are: (i) Surveillance and monitoring, (ii) Sampling and laboratory testing, (iii) Use of healthy propagation and production material, (iv) Sorting/grading/tuber selection, (v) Removal of soil from tubers (brushing/washing) and (vi) Pre‐consignment inspection. Interception records There are no records of interceptions from Peru, but see Section 4.3 above for details Shortcomings of current measures/procedures Peru's answers to the questions raised by the working group state that the production areas of ulluco are located at high altitudes and therefore at low temperatures, which in their opinion means that the nematodes do not pose significant phytosanitary problems. The producers do not perceive the problems caused by pests and therefore do not apply specific phytosanitary measures against nematodes. In view of the process of inspection and phytosanitary certification developed by SENASA, a sample of 2% of the total quantity of ulluco tubers intended for export is taken. This sample is visually inspected and, if pests are suspected, it is destroyed at the laboratory analysis level. However, as there may be mobile stages of A. andina in the tubers, the visual inspection may not be sufficient for inspectors to identify infected tubers and send them for laboratory analysis. It is therefore uncertain to what extent this procedure is able to ensure the absence of A. andina in asymptomatic tubers. The undetected presence of this nematode during inspections may contribute to the spread of infection with A. andina. Main uncertainties No details are given on the distribution of A. andina and its frequency in the area of ulluco production. There is some uncertainty regarding the lack of data from official surveillance surveys and reports of problems caused by this nematode in the production of ulluco in Peru. There are uncertainties about the possible infestation with common weeds in the area, which is a good host for this nematode. The absence of nematode‐induced symptoms is possible in certain plants, so that the presence of A. andina in the ulluco tubers cannot be detected by visual inspection.