Table 2.
The Effects of Fatigue and Depression on Use of Medical Services in Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction and Preserved Ejection Fraction
| Variable | Medical Use: Total Sample (N = 582) |
Medical Use: Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction | Medical Use: Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | β | t* | p value | 95% CI | B | β | t* | p value | 95% CI | B | β | t* | p value | 95% CI | |
| Fatigue | 30.55 | .18 | 5.602 | <.001 | 19.84, 41.26 | 19.33 | .13 | 2.672 | .008 | 25.90, 57.41 | 39.16 | .21 | 4.570 | <.001 | 22.29, 56.04 |
| Depression | 5.67 | .03 | .956 | .340 | −5.98, 17.31 | −.89 | <−.01 | −.113 | .910 | −16.45, 14.66 | 12.82 | .06 | 1.398 | .164 | 5–5.26, 30.91 |
| Age | −.28 | −.05 | −1.215 | .225 | −.73, .17 | −.36 | −.07 | −1.109 | .269 | −1.00, .28 | −.07 | −.01 | −.197 | .844 | −.77, .63 |
| Gender | −10.90 | −.06 | −1.917 | .056 | −22.07, .27 | −13.56 | −.09 | −1.789 | .075 | −28.49, 1.37 | −5.45 | −.03 | −.603 | .547 | −23.23, 12.33 |
| Race | 10.96 | .06 | 1.910 | .057 | −.31. 22.22 | 12.59 | .09 | 1.701 | .090 | −1.99, 27.18 | 11.68 | .06 | 1.276 | .203 | −6.34, 29.70 |
| BMI | −.25 | −.03 | −.796 | .427 | −.87, .37 | −.39 | −.05 | −.871 | .385 | −1.26, .49 | −.05 | <−.01 | −.102 | .919 | −.92, 1.02 |
| SBP | −.16 | −.04 | −.778 | .437 | −.56, .24 | −.16 | −.04 | −.552 | .581 | −.71, .40 | −.12 | −.02 | −.403 | .687 | −73, .48 |
| DBP | −.32 | −.05 | −.932 | .352 | −.98, .35 | −.32 | −.06 | −.679 | .498 | −1.25, .61 | −40 | −.05 | −.752 | .453 | −1.44, .64 |
| Heart rate | −.22 | −.03 | −.933 | .351 | −.70, .24 | −.31 | −.05 | −.944 | .346 | −.95, .33 | −.13 | −.02 | −.341 | .733 | −.86, .61 |
| LVEF | .26 | .05 | 1.338 | .182 | −.12, .65 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| NYHA | −4.55 | −.02 | −.736 | .462 | −16.69, 7.59 | −.21 | <−.01 | −.025 | .980 | −17.16, 16.73 | −4.43 | −.02 | −.465 | .642 | −23.19, 14.33 |
| ACEis | 5.54 | .03 | 1.060 | .290 | −4.73, 15.82 | 7.01 | .05 | 1.016 | .311 | −6.59, 20.61 | 2.68 | .01 | .325 | .745 | −13.56, 18.93 |
| Beta-blockers | −7.03 | −.04 | −1.288 | .198 | −17.74, 3.69 | −2.87 | −.02 | .395 | .693 | −17.15, 11.42 | −13.19 | −.07 | −1.535 | .126 | −30.11, 3.73 |
| Antidepressants | −7.36 | −.04 | −1.461 | .145 | −17.26, 2.54 | −1.58 | −.01 | −.247 | .805 | −14.21, 11.04 | −11.96 | −.06 | −1.458 | .146 | −28.11, 4.19 |
| DM | 6.59 | .04 | 1.194 | .233 | −4.25, 17.43 | 7.51 | .05 | 1.025 | .305 | −6.91, 21.93 | 5.21 | .03 | .601 | .549 | −11.86, 22.27 |
| MI | 12.34 | .07 | 2.231 | .026 | −3.25, 28.17 | 3.98 | .03 | .568 | .571 | −9.83, 17.79 | 20.66 | .11 | 2.314 | .021 | 3.08, 38.23 |
| CPHD | −2.48 | −.01 | −.340 | .734 | −16.81, 11.84 | −8.08 | −.03 | −.721 | .472 | −30.15, 13.99 | −.11 | <−.01 | −.011 | .992 | −21.11, 20.88 |
| Renal disease | 1.35 | .01 | .222 | .825 | −.12, 27.20 | 3.05 | .02 | .394 | .694 | −12.19, 18.29 | −.75 | <−.01 | −.075 | .940 | −20.38, 18.88 |
| CVD | −4.58 | −.02 | −.766 | .444 | −16.34, 7.18 | −3.82 | −.02 | −.465 | .643 | −19.99, 12.36 | −9.48 | −.05 | −1.020 | .309 | −27.78, 8.82 |
| Cancer | 41.02 | .21 | 6.479 | <.001 | 28.59, 53.46 | 35.47 | .21 | 4.227 | <.001 | 18.94, 52.00 | 48.38 | .23 | 4.787 | <.001 | 28.48, 68.28 |
| Troponin_1 | −.69 | −.03 | −.855 | .393 | −2.27, .90 | −.48 | −.03 | 566 | .572 | −2.13, 1.18 | −.94 | −.02 | −.502 | .616 | −4.63, 2.75 |
| Albumin | 27.52 | .21 | 5.953 | < .001 | 18.44, 36.60 | 27.80 | .24 | 4.608 | <.001 | 15.92, 36.68 | 29.62 | .21 | 23.943 | <.001 | 14.83, 44.41 |
| Triglycerides | .01 | .01 | .416 | .678 | −.05, .07 | .04 | .05 | 1.058 | .291 | −.03, .10 | <.01 | <.01 | .017 | .987 | −.10, .11 |
| Creatinine | 3.17 | .06 | 1.766 | .078 | −.36, 6.70 | 2.05 | .04 | .667 | .505 | −4.01, 8.11 | 4.40 | .09 | 1.762 | .079 | −.52, 9.32 |
| Sodium | .41 | .01 | .450 | .653 | −1.37, 2.18 | 1.74 | .07 | 1,484 | .139 | −.568, 4.04 | −.48 | −.02 | −.330 | .742 | −3.36, 2.40 |
| Hemoglobin | −5.94 | −.12 | −3.294 | .001 | −9.49, −2.40 | −5.03 | −.13 | −2.346 | .020 | −9.26, −.81 | −7.29 | −.13 | −2.299 | .022 | −13.53, −1.05 |
| Monocytes | −.28 | <−.01 | −.024 | .981 | −22.55, 22.00 | 6.49 | .02 | .388 | .698 | −26.44, 39.41 | −.513 | <−.01 | −.031 | .975 | −33.13, 32.10 |
| Neutrophils | −2.91 | −.09 | −2.321 | .021 | −5.37, −.45 | −3.55 | −.11 | −1.840 | .067 | −7.34, .25 | −2.75 | −.08 | −1.523 | .129 | −6.30, .803 |
| Hospitalization | 6.80 | .26 | 6.291 | <.001 | 4.68, 8.93 | 8.11 | .31 | 4.874 | <.001 | 11.39, .52 | 5.94 | .23 | 3.782 | <.001 | 2.85, 9.04 |
| ED visit | 3.54 | .14 | 4.218 | <.001 | 1.89, 5.19 | 3.61 | .13 | 2.523 | .012 | .79, 6.42 | 3.62 | .15 | 3.109 | .002 | 1.33, 5.91 |
| LOS | .69 | .22 | 5.253 | <.001 | .43, .95 | .65 | .22 | 3.769 | <.001 | .31, .99 | .70 | .21 | 3.309 | .001 | .28, 1.11 |
| Model | F = 20.651 p < .001 R2 = .538 |
F = 9.993 p < .001 R2 = .544 |
F = 10.499 p < .001 R2 = .539 |
||||||||||||
t* t statistics. Use of medical services = number of all medical service uses between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2012. All lab tests were based on serum. ACEis = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor inhibitors. B = unstandardized B, β = standardized beta. BMI = body mass index. CPHD = chronic pulmonary heart disease. CVD = cerebrovascular disease. DBP = diastolic blood pressure. DM = diabetes mellitus. ED = emergency department. LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction. MI = myocardial infarction. NYHA = New York Heart Association functional class. SBP = systolic blood pressure.