Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Authors and year | Total | MB | NB | Age (range) | Exposure | Image examination | Type of study | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franco, 2015 [22] | 226 | 113 | 113 | 3–10 | Adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNB, ANB, SNGoGn |
| Mattar, 2011 [16] | 73 | 44 | 29 | 3–6 | Tonsil hypertrophy | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNA, SNB, ANB, SNGoGn,SN-PP,PP-MP |
| Franco, 2013 [23] | 110 | 55 | 55 | 3–10 | Adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNGoGn |
| Juliano, 2009 [24] | 142 | 52 | 90 | 7–14 | OSAS | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1.NA, 1.NB, 1-NB, SPAS, PAS, C3-H |
| Juliano, 2009 [25] | 27 | 15 | 12 | 7–14 | Adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1.NA, 1.NB, 1-NB, SPAS, PAS, C3-H |
| Juliano, 2013 [26] | 144 | 52 | 92 | 7–14 | OSAS | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1.NA, 1.NB, 1-NB, SPAS, PAS, C3-H |
| D’Ascanio, 2010 [11] | 196 | 98 | 98 | 7–12 | Adenoids/tonsil hypertrophy | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNA, SNB,SN-PP,PP-MP,Overjet, Overbite |
| Agostinho, 2015 [27] | 70 | 35 | 35 | 5–14 | Chronic allergic rhiniti | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, Overjet, Overbite,1-NA, 1.NA, 1.NB, 1-NB |
| Muñoz, 2014 [14] | 118 | 53 | 65 | 6–12 | NA | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNA, SNB, SNGoGn, SN-OP, 1.NA, 1.NB |
| Souki, 2012 [28] | 252 | 126 | 126 | 2–10 | Adenotonsillar hypertrophy | Cephalogram | Clinical controlled trial | SNB, ANB, SNGoGn |
MB mouth breathing, NB nasal breathing, NA not available, OSAS obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, Exposure the factors of mouth breathing