Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression results for breed, and non breed-related variables significantly associated with diagnosis of osteosarcoma amongst UK dogs
| Variable | Variable P-value | Category | OR | 95% CI | Category P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breed | < 0.001 | Crossbred | Base | ||
| Rottweiler | 13.30 | 10.55–16.75 | < 0.001 | ||
| Rhodesian Ridgeback | 11.31 | 7.37–17.35 | < 0.001 | ||
| Great Dane | 10.03 | 5.81–17.32 | < 0.001 | ||
| Mastiff (Unspecified) | 9.09 | 6.06–13.63 | < 0.001 | ||
| German Pointer | 8.84 | 5.43–14.41 | < 0.001 | ||
| Pinscher (Unspecified) | 7.19 | 4.65–11.12 | < 0.001 | ||
| Greyhound (Unspecified) | 6.98 | 5.46–8.93 | < 0.001 | ||
| Lurcher | 4.94 | 3.57–6.83 | < 0.001 | ||
| Collie (Unspecified) | 3.74 | 1.99–7.03 | < 0.001 | ||
| Golden Retriever | 3.70 | 2.77–4.94 | < 0.001 | ||
| Akita (Unspecified) | 2.92 | 1.32–6.47 | 0.008 | ||
| American Bulldog | 2.67 | 1.28–5.59 | 0.009 | ||
| Labrador Retriever | 2.64 | 2.22–3.15 | < 0.001 | ||
| Poodle (Unspecified) | 2.48 | 0.87–7.00 | 0.088 | ||
| Boxer | 2.23 | 1.55–3.22 | < 0.001 | ||
| Standard Poodle | 2.23 | 0.87–5.72 | 0.096 | ||
| Weimaraner | 2.03 | 1.06–3.90 | 0.034 | ||
| German Shepherd Dog | 1.96 | 1.47–2.62 | < 0.001 | ||
| Dogue de Bordeaux | 1.95 | 0.88–4.33 | 0.100 | ||
| Fox Terrier | 1.75 | 0.64–4.74 | 0.274 | ||
| Labradoodle | 1.62 | 0.97–2.72 | 0.066 | ||
| Hungarian Vizsla | 1.52 | 0.58–3.99 | 0.395 | ||
| Scottish Terrier | 1.33 | 0.51–3.45 | 0.563 | ||
| Cairn Terrier | 1.24 | 0.55–2.84 | 0.603 | ||
| Alaskan Malamute | 1.23 | 0.44–3.47 | 0.695 | ||
| Tibetan Terrier | 1.22 | 0.47–3.12 | 0.684 | ||
| Bulldog (Unspecified) | 1.17 | 0.42–3.27 | 0.758 | ||
| Whippet | 1.10 | 0.50–2.40 | 0.814 | ||
| Dalmatian | 1.00 | 0.40–2.52 | 0.993 | ||
| English Springer Spaniel | 0.89 | 0.60–1.31 | 0.541 | ||
| Border Collie | 0.82 | 0.55–1.22 | 0.324 | ||
| Other Purebred | 0.78 | 0.65–0.93 | 0.006 | ||
| Staffordshire Bull Terrier | 0.74 | 0.56–0.98 | 0.033 | ||
| Beagle | 0.66 | 0.29–1.51 | 0.328 | ||
| Breed not recorded | 0.52 | 0.34–0.80 | 0.003 | ||
| Cocker Spaniel | 0.51 | 0.34–0.78 | 0.002 | ||
| West Highland White Terrier | 0.50 | 0.32–0.80 | 0.004 | ||
| Husky | 0.43 | 0.16–1.17 | 0.097 | ||
| Jack Russell Terrier | 0.38 | 0.26–0.54 | < 0.001 | ||
| Border Terrier | 0.35 | 0.16–0.81 | 0.013 | ||
| Bichon Frise | 0.30 | 0.14–0.64 | 0.002 | ||
| French Bulldog | 0.30 | 0.11–0.83 | 0.020 | ||
| Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | 0.21 | 0.10–0.46 | < 0.001 | ||
| Cockapoo | NA (0 cases) | ||||
| Boston Terrier | |||||
| Cavachon | |||||
| Cavapoo | |||||
| Chow Chow | |||||
| Dachshund (Unspecified) | |||||
| Goldendoodle | |||||
| Jackapoo | |||||
| Jug | |||||
| King Charles Spaniel | |||||
| Maltese | |||||
| Miniature Poodle | |||||
| Miniature Yorkshire Terrier | |||||
| Puggle | |||||
| Shar-Pei | |||||
| Sprocker | |||||
| Standard Dachshund | |||||
| Sex/Neuter status | < 0.001 | Female Entire | Base | ||
| Female Neutered | 7.95 | 5.78–10.94 | < 0.001 | ||
| Male Entire | 1.17 | 0.79–1.74 | 0.441 | ||
| Male Neutered | 9.39 | 6.83–12.91 | < 0.001 | ||
| Sex/Neuter unrecorded | 1188.3 | 855.25–1651.04 | < 0.001 | ||
| Age (Y) | < 0.001 | < 3 | Base | ||
| 3 to < 6 | 3.64 | 2.82–4.70 | < 0.001 | ||
| 6 to < 9 | 13.30 | 10.54–16.79 | < 0.001 | ||
| 9 to < 12 | 18.44 | 14.59–23.30 | < 0.001 | ||
| > 12 | 9.40 | 7.23–12.23 | < 0.001 | ||
| Age Unrecorded | 2.22 | 1.62–3.05 | < 0.001 |
Legend: Full multivariable logistic regression results for variables significantly associated with diagnosis of osteosarcoma amongst UK dogs. The main model included breed-name as the breed variable (Table 2), and six breed-related variables (purebred-status, Kennel Club breed group, body mass, dachshund-status, spaniel-status, chondrodystrophy status) then replaced breed-name in the model (Table 3). Cases were dogs with osteosarcoma confirmed by analysis of biopsies submitted to VPG Histology between 2008 and 2020 and controls were dogs enrolled in the VetCompass™ database during 2016