Table 1.

Subjects’ demographic characteristics

				P Values
Variable	Young	Middle Age	Old	Sex	Age Group	Interaction
Sex (men/women)	17/28	22/35	17/29
Age, yr
Men	33 ± 7	54 ± 6	71 ± 4	0.393	<0.001	0.091
Women	32 ± 7	58 ± 6	70 ± 4
Height, cm
Men	175 ± 7	176 ± 7	175 ± 6	<0.001	0.509	0.719
Women	162 ± 7	163 ± 10	160 ± 6
Weight, kg
Men	80 ± 10	86 ± 14	85 ± 13	<0.001	0.009	0.823
Women	61 ± 11	69 ± 10	69 ± 9
BMI, kg/m2
Men	26 ± 3	28 ± 4	27 ± 4	0.008	0.006	0.410
Women	23 ± 4	26 ± 4	27 ± 4
Heart rate, beats/min
Men	64 ± 10	64 ± 10	59 ± 8	0.082	0.034	0.263
Women	68 ± 10	64 ± 8	63 ± 7
ETCO2, mmHg
Men	39 ± 3	38 ± 4	35 ± 3	0.466	0.002	0.432
Women	38 ± 4	37 ± 4	36 ± 4
Brachial BP, mmHg
Systolic
Men	114 ± 11	115 ± 11	120 ± 17	0.001	0.013	0.476
Women	105 ± 8	111 ± 10	114 ± 12
Mean
Men	87 ± 10	91 ± 9	89 ± 10	0.002	0.011	0.384
Women	80 ± 7	87 ± 8	87 ± 9
Diastolic
Men	71 ± 9	74 ± 8	70 ± 8	<0.001	0.024	0.391
Women	65 ± 6	70 ± 8	68 ± 8
Pulse
Men	43 ± 9	41 ± 6	50 ± 13	0.232	0.001	0.468
Women	40 ± 6	41 ± 9	46 ± 10
Carotid BP, mmHg
Systolic
Men	109 ± 15	113 ± 15	115 ± 14	0.101	0.001	0.174
Women	100 ± 9	112 ± 10	115 ± 13
Pulse
Men	38 ± 11	38 ± 10	45 ± 11	0.516	<0.001	0.352
Women	36 ± 7	42 ± 11	47 ± 12
CBFV, cm/s
Systolic
Men	83 ± 18	73 ± 12	72 ± 14	<0.001	<0.001	0.543
Women	98 ± 16	85 ± 15	79 ± 17
Mean
Men	56 ± 14	49 ± 8	45 ± 8	<0.001	<0.001	0.445
Women	67 ± 13	57 ± 10	50 ± 10
Diastolic
Men	37 ± 10	33 ± 5	26 ± 6	0.001	<0.001	0.277
Women	45 ± 10	36 ± 7	29 ± 6
Pulse
Men	46 ± 13	40 ± 8	46 ± 10	<0.001	0.049	0.696
Women	53 ± 10	49 ± 9	51 ± 14
CVRi, mmHg·s/cm
Men	1.7 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.4	<0.001	<0.001	0.571
Women	1.2 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 0.4
cfPWV, m/s
Men	6.4 ± 0.8	7.9 ± 1.2	9.6 ± 2.3	0.065	<0.001	0.774
Women	5.7 ± 0.7	7.5 ± 1.3	9.2 ± 1.8

Values are means ± SD.

BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CBFV, cerebral blood flow velocity; cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; CVRi, cerebrovascular resistance index; ETCO₂, end-tidal CO₂.