Table 2.
Comparison of the clinical features between the survivors and non-survivors
| Survivors | % | Non-survivors | % | P value | |
| N=219 | N=114 | ||||
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 65.3 (57–76) | 73.6 (68–81) | <0.001 | ||
| Female | 146 | 66.7 | 64 | 56.1 | 0.073 |
| RA and PMR | 37 | 16.9 | 15 | 13.2 | 0.428 |
| Non-RA and PMR | 182 | 83.1 | 99 | 86.8 | |
| Primary vasculitis syndrome | 63 | 28.8 | 53 | 46.5 | 0.002 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 32 | 14.6 | 17 | 14.9 | 1.000 |
| Inflammatory myositis | 45 | 20.5 | 15 | 13.2 | 0.101 |
| Systemic sclerosis | 10 | 4.7 | 3 | 2.6 | 0.554 |
| Others | 32 | 14.6 | 11 | 9.6 | 0.231 |
| Concomitant ILD | 70 | 32.0 | 52 | 45.6 | 0.017 |
| Admission to an advanced treatment hospital | 66 | 30.1 | 28 | 24.6 | 0.284 |
| Bronchoscopy | 25 | 11.4 | 11 | 9.6 | 0.712 |
| Intensive care management | 12 | 5.5 | 25 | 21.9 | <0.001 |
| Ventilator use | 16 | 7.3 | 67 | 58.8 | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay after starting PCP treatment | 35.8 (6–24) | 27.3 (4–18) | 0.034 | ||
| Concomitant glucocorticoid use | 210 | 95.9 | 112 | 98.2 | 0.343 |
| Glucocorticoid pulse therapy | 46 | 21.0 | 57 | 50.0 | <0.001 |
| ST monotherapy | 154 | 70.3 | 60 | 52.6 | 0.017 |
| Others | 65 | 29.7 | 54 | 47.4 | |
| PTM monotherapy or ST → PTM (PTM group) | 34 | 15.5 | 46 | 40.4 | <0.001 |
| ATO monotherapy or ST → ATO (ATO group) | 24 | 10.9 | 5 | 4.4 | 0.063 |
| Other combinations | 7 | 3.3 | 3 | 2.6 | 1.000 |
t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test were used when appropriate to compare the groups.
ATO, atovaquone; ILD, interstitial lung disease; PCP, pneumocystis pneumonia; PMR, polymyalgia rheumatica; PTM, pentamidine; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; ST, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.