Table 1.
Ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials targeting glioma stem cells (GSCs).
| Trial name | Therapy type | Target | Combination | Phase (O-III) | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVeRT | DC vaccine | pp65 | Nivolumab | I | NCT02529072 |
| DENDR-STEM | DC vaccine | Autologous GSCs | I | NCT02820584 | |
| IL13R⍺2 CAR T cell therapy | CAR T cell | IL13R⍺2 | Ipilimumab, nivolumab | I | NCT04003649 |
| Allogeneic GSC lysate DC vaccine | DC vaccine | Allogeneic GSC lysate | SOC | I | NCT02010606 |
| HERT-GBM | CAR T cell | HER2, pp65 | I | NCT01109095 | |
| Autologous GSC lysate DC vaccine | DC vaccine | Autologous GSC lysate | SOC | II | NCT01567202 |
| SurVaxM | Antibody mediated T cell therapy | Survivin | TMZ, GM-CSF | II | NCT02455557 |
| ELEVATE | DC vaccine | pp65 | Td, basiliximab, TMZ | II | NCT02366728 |
| ATTAC-II | DC vaccine | pp65 | TMZ | II | NCT02465268 |
| AV-GBM-1 | DC vaccine | Autologous tumor-initiating cellular antigens | II | NCT03400917 | |
| DEN-STEM | DC vaccine | GSC antigens, hTERT, survivin | II/III | NCT03548571 |
GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GSC, glioma stem cell; SOC, standard of care; TMZ, temozolomide; Td, tetrodotoxin.