Table 5.
Mean values (SD) of WHODAS-2.0 sum score by categories of covariates associated with general disability
| Covariate | Disability categories | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age |
Overall (n = 881) |
Age < 53 (n = 429) |
Age ≥ 53 (n = 452) |
p-valuea |
Difference (95% CI) |
Cohen’s db |
| 22.8 (9.4) | 21.8 (8.3) | 23.8 (10.3) | 0.002 | 1.9 (0.7, 3.2) | 0.21 | |
| Living situationc |
Overall (n = 857) |
Independent (n = 477) |
Assisted (n = 380) |
|||
| 22.7 (9.3) | 20.2 (7.9) | 25.9 (10.1) | < 0.0001 | 5.7 (4.5, 6.9) | 0.60 | |
|
Medical comorbidityd |
Overall (n = 881) |
No (n = 711) |
Yes (n = 170) |
|||
| 22.8 (9.4) | 22.5 (9.4) | 24.2 (9.4) | 0.03 | 1.7 (0.8, 3.3) | 0.18 | |
|
Antipsychotic medication |
Overall (n = 843) |
No (n = 61) |
Yes (n = 782) |
|||
| 22.8 (9.3) | 20.4 (7.6) | 22.9 (9.4) | 0.014 | 2.6 (0.2, 4.6) | 0.28 | |
| PANSS-8-items sum score |
Overall (n = 495) |
Score ≤ 14 (n = 261) |
Score > 14 (n = 234) |
|||
| 23.1 (9.2) | 19.9 (8.0) | 26.6 (9.0) | < 0.0001 | 6.8 (5.3, 8.3) | 0.74 | |
a) Two-sample t-test.
b) Difference in mean / pooled SD.
c) Independent = Living in own housing without assistance, Assisted = Living in own housing with assistance or in a group home.
d) At least one clinical diagnosis of COPD, diabetes mellitus, CVD, thyroid disease, or kidney disease