Table 2.

Significant reductions in toxin exposures with short-term ENDS substitution.

Source: [29, Supplemental Table 3]

Toxicant	Significant reduction p < 0.05 (%)
NNK Nitrosamine ketone	64
Ethylene oxide	61
1,3-Butadiene	84
Crotonaldehyde	67
Acrolein	56
Benzene	76
Acrylamide	57
Acrylonitrile	79
Propylene oxide	53
PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Biomarker 1-Hydroxyfluorene	58
PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Biomarker 3-Hydroxyfluorene	34